Orthoptera

Othoptera

1. Orthoptera Presented by : ZAID ASIF

2. Scientific Classification KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Insecta SUB-CLASS Pterygota INFRA-CLASS Neoptera SUPER ORDER Orthopterida ORDER Orthoptera SUB-ORDER Ensifera , Caelifera

3. General Characteristics “Grasshoppers, Crickets, Katydids and Locusts belong to this order .“ Following are some of its general characteristics :- Incomplete Metamorphosis C ylindrical   body. 2 pair of wings. 3 pair of legs. Modified Hind pair of legs for jumping. Chewing and Biting Type mouthpart. Large Compound Eyes. Antennae may be short to very long depending on the species .

4. Wing Characteristics Following are the characteristics of its wings:- 2 pair of wings . The forewing are narrower than the hind wings and hardened or leathery at the base. They are held roof-like overlapping the abdomen at rest. The hind wing is membranous and held folded fan-like under the forewings when at rest.

5. Leg Characteristics Following are the characteristics of its legs:- 3 pair of legs. Hind pair of legs are modified into sartorial type of legs. Enlarged hind femur. PARTS : coxa , femur, tibia, tarsus, tarsal claws.

6. ANTENNAE CHARACTERSTICS Following are the characteristics of its antennae:- 1 pair of antennae. Filiform type of antennae also known as thread like. Grasshoppers have short antennae also known as short horned grasshoppers. Crickets and Katydids have large antennae while some grasshoppers known as long horned grasshoppers also have large antennae.

7. Antennae Examples

8. LIFE CYCLE “ Orthoptera have only 3 life stages ( incomplete metamorphosis) . Egg Nymph Adult

9. LIFE CYCLE Some species lay eggs in the form of groups while others lay a single egg at one place. Those who lay eggs in group also enclose their eggs inside an egg pod. Number of Nymphal Instars varies from specie to specie. Adults have fully developed wings where as nymphs don’t have wings or either in developing phase.

10. DAMAGES “Since grasshoppers have chewing and biting type mouthparts, so the damage is similar to caterpillars.“ Grasshoppers are herbivorous. Cricket are omnivorous. Crickets can even eat their mates if hungry. Some species are even scavengers or predators. Both Nymphs and Adult cause damage. The main damage done by them is direct consumption of plants not by vectoring diseases .