Osmosis-and-Its-Applications.pdfggggggggggg

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1. Osmosis and Its
Applications
An overview of osmosis, osmotic pressure, applications, and reverse
osmosis processes essential for Class 12 science understanding.
by Prakhar Sharma

2. Understanding Osmosis
Definition of Osmosis
Movement of solvent through membrane to dilute solute
Occurs in living cells and natural environments
Key Features
Passive transport process
Requires semi-permeable membrane
Equalizes solute concentration

3. Osmotic Pressure
Explained
Definition
Pressure needed to stop
osmosis
Dependence
Varies with solute
concentration and temperature
Significance
Essential for cell hydration and fluid balance

4. Applications of Osmosis
Biological Systems
Water absorption in roots
and nutrient transport
Food Preservation
Osmosis in curing and
drying foods
Medical Uses
Dialysis uses osmotic principles

5. Reverse Osmosis Process
1
2
3
Applying Pressure
Forces solvent to move against
concentration gradient
Purification
Removes impurities, salts, and
contaminants
Membrane Role
Semi-permeable membrane filters
particles

6. Industrial Uses of Reverse
Osmosis
Water Purification
Removes dissolved solids in drinking water
Wastewater Treatment
Treats industrial effluents for reuse
Food & Beverage Industry
Concentrates juices and dairy products

7. Benefits and Limitations
Benefits
Efficient filtration and purification
Low energy compared to distillation
Widely applicable in many industries
Limitations
Membrane fouling and maintenance needed
High initial equipment cost
Not effective for all contaminants

8. Key Takeaways and Next
Steps
1Osmosis Transport
Essential for biological and chemical systems
2Osmotic Pressure
Crucial concept in cellular functions
3Reverse Osmosis
Powerful purification technique widely used
4Further Study
Explore membrane technology and environmental impact