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1. Ottoman Empire 1500-1700 ad Pres e nted by : May B u raik & Victoria Ogundimbola CHY4U0C

2. The Ottoman Empire The Ottomans were a Nomadic group of Turkish people that originally came from central Asia and settled in Anatolia region.

3. The Beginning of the Ottoman Empire

4. OTTOMAN SOCIETY AND INSTITUTIONS The Ottomans believed that leadership was a divine right bestowed on a chosen family. The Ottoman Regime was a centralized absolute one ruled at the top by the Sultan. T he Ottomans never developed a legal procedure for the accession of a Sultan The young Princes were educated and trained in the provinces. O nly one of them had the right to rule. The need for political stability required the brothers of the new Sultan to be eliminated as was the case with Mehmet II Mehmet II

5. Chief M inister (adviser) to the Sultan Local Administrators & Military Landowners / Tax Collectors O ttoman E mpire le d by Provincial Governors ( Beys ) And Military elite - The Janissaries Heads of Individual Religious Millets SULTAN Grand Vizier Viziers Absolute power Jews Armenian Christians Positions were based on merit, not birth. Only Descendants of Sultan could become new Sultan Political structure

6. The non-Muslim communities ( millets) Controlled by the Sultan acting through their religious leaders. These communities were given their own parts of towns in which to live and worship. They were given a great deal of freedom to lead their lives according to their faiths, and so were largely supportive of their Muslim overlords.

7. Devshirme : Young Christian boys living in European provinces. C onverted to Islam. E ducated and trained by Ottoman. E ventually put in service of the state . T he slaves received top military and civilian posts . From mid-fifteen to mid-seventeen century nearly all Viziers were converted Christian slaves . One of the most distinctive features of Ottoman state was the slave system . G oal : Creation of elite warriors loyal only to the Sultan .

8. The most popular representatives of Devshirme system were: The J anissaries were the most efficient military unit in Europe in fifteen and sixteen century . The J anissaries were the most disciplined corps in the world in this time, they were well paid and equipped and lived in barracks, always ready for the next war. The S ipahi soldiers were of Turkish origin. They were in the cavalry and tax collectors. They received land from the Sultan Army

9. The blockade lasted from 6 April, 1453 until 29 May, 1453. W hen the city was conquered by Mehmet II, “ The Conqueror “, he renamed city Istanbul and made it the capital . Fall of Constantinople

10. Mehmet II: 1444-1481- Called “The Conqueror” 80,000 soldiers laid siege to Constantinople and conquered the Byzantine Capital in 1453. Renamed city Istanbul and made it the capital. The Topkapi Palace “Iron Gat Although Mehmet converted many churches into mosques. H e did not suppress the Christian and jewish faith. Mehmet was also influenced by the Islamic teachings that Muslims should show respect to all religions . ” Mehmet II

11. The Rule of Suleiman : (1520-1566) Suleiman was named 'The Magnificent' by the Europeans, but his own people called him 'The Lawgiver '. Suleiman 'The Magnificent' 'The Lawgiver '. Suleiman marble bas relief. One of 23 reliefs of great historical lawgivers in the chamber of the U.S. House of Representatives.

12. Suleiman was widely regarded as the religious leader of Islam, as well as the earthly ruler of most Muslims . The wealth and stability of the Empire at this time attracted the top Muslim thinkers of the period. Craftsmen , artists, intellectuals and writers were eager to move to Istanbul .

13. Suleiman was infatuated with Hürrem Sultan, a harem girl from Ruthenia, then part of Poland. She was to bear 5 of Suleiman fourteen children. Under his pen name, Muhibbi , Suleiman composed this poem for Roxelana Life with the Sultan " Throne of my lonely niche, my wealth, my love, my moonlight. My most sincere friend, my confidant, my very existence, my Sultan, my one and only love. The most beautiful among the beautiful... My springtime, my merry faced love, my daytime, my sweetheart, laughing leaf... My plants, my sweet, my rose, the one only who does not distress me in this world... My Constantinople, my Caraman , the earth of my Anatolia My Badakhshan , my Baghdad and Khorasan My woman of the beautiful hair, my love of the slanted brow, my love of eyes full of mischief... I'll sing your praises always I, lover of the tormented heart, Muhibbi of the eyes full of tears, I am happy ."

14. The daughter of an Orthodox priest , she was captured by Tatars from Crimea, sold as a slave in Constantinople , become Suleiman's favourite. Breaking with two centuries of Ottoman tradition ,[a former concubine had thus become the legal wife of the Sultan He also allowed Hürrem Sultan to remain with him at court for the rest of her life, breaking another tradition—that when imperial heirs came of age, they would be sent along with the imperial concubine who bore them to govern remote provinces of the Empire, never to return unless their progeny succeeded to the throne She dies before seeing her son on the thorn Hürrem’s influence over the Sultan soon became legendary

15. Turkey Egypt Greece Bulgaria Romania Macedonia Hungary Palestine Jordan Lebanon Syria Parts of Arabia Much of the coastal strip of North Africa T odays countrys that where part off ottman empaire

16. In the night of August 26, 1683 the baker, who began his work early morning heard noises coming from the ground. alerted the city army and soon they discovered that ottoman soldiers were digging tunnels under the city walls and placing explosives within their tunnels. Once the city was alerted there plan had failed and the ottomans fled. In honour of this rescue, the bakers of Viennese decided to make a bread in the shape of the emblem of the Muslim ottoman flag (the crescent). On this time the croissant was made from a rich bread dough. A little history of the Croissant

17. Innovations Educated men held the highest rank. Important advancements made in science, architecture & literature. T he Ottomans managed to build a very large collection of libraries translate and make available to Ottoman educational institutions the geography book of Ptolemy. One of the oldest sources on the history and philosophy of Christianity was also developed for the palace school .

18. Astronomy Working in the Galata Observatory founded near Istanbul in the late 16th century by the Turkish astronomer Takyuddin , astronomers had access to the best reference works and technology of the era.

19. The Great Ottoman Inventor Takyuddin is one of the greatest inventors of the Ottoman Empire. One of his greatest achievements was the invention of the early practical steam turbine engine. His book on this subject later lead to the discovery of more powerful steam engines in the 17th century. His early steam turbines lead to the invention of today’s modern steam turbine.

20. This great mosque is named as Suleymaniye Mosque after its founder Sultan Suleiman . The construction started in 1550 and was completed in 1557. The mosque is modeled in the style of Hagia Sophia. Unfortunately this great Mosque was ravaged by a fire in 1660.  Suleymaniye Mosque This mosque is in fact a complex that comprises of a public kitchen, a theological school, a hospital, a Quran school, and a Turkish bath house called hamam . Architecture

21. Mimar Sinan (c. 1490 - 1588 ) Chief architect and civil engineer for three Ottoman Sultans

22. Istanbul became because of its position at the junction of Europe, Africa, and Asia, one of the great trade centres of the world. Another important city was Bursa, which was a centre of the silk trade . Economy The origin of the name Turquoise is derived from the Greek word " Turkois " meaning "Turkish" because it was first brought from Turkey but its tu e oare from I ran Among the goods traded were: C offe e Silk and other cloth Musk C arpets Porcelain from China Spices such as pepper Dye stuffs such as indigo Precious stones and gems

23. He first encouraged merchants to move to Istanbul, and later forcibly resettled merchants from captured territories such as Caffa . He also encouraged Jewish traders from Europe to migrate to Istanbul and set up in business there. Later rulers continued these policies. The economic strength of the Empire also owed much to Mehmet's policy of increasing the number of traders and artisans in the Empire.

24. Influence of Ottoman Empire on West Since the Ottoman Empire was in control of most of the trade routes, the West had to find new routes to reach the far east. The West was able to discover new worlds through the explorations. The Ottomans translation of ancient Greek and other civilizations was later used by the West. Ottoman Empire influenced the West’s thinking of tolerance to religion and races. Ottoman Empire introduce luxury items to the West such as fine carpets, spice, coffee and jewelry.

25. Coffee Coffee was introduced in France in 1660 by some merchants from Marseille who had acquired the habit of drinking it in the Middle East, where they traded it. It reached Paris in 1669 when the Turkish ambassador began holding lavish coffee parties for the French nobility. The Café Procope , Paris ' first genuine coffeehouse, opened in 1689. (You can still drink coffee there today, as Voltaire and Benjamin Franklin did in their day) originating in Ethiopia and Yemen, coffee had become a popular drink in Ottoman Turkey and parts of Europe by the second half of the 17th century, In the mid-18th century, it began to emerge as an important cash crop throughout the New World regions where growers found the Arabica bean thrived, especially in the highlands of Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Mexico

26. The Ottoman Empire was not really the barbarian despotism that is often depicted in the West. However, Ottoman society remained isolated and more or less frozen in time. What was innovative in 1300 was reactionary and dangerously inefficient by 1700.

27. Bibliography "The Ottoman Empire."  BBC News . BBC, n.d. Web. 22 an . 2013 . http :// www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/ottomanempire_1.shtml "Epic World History." : Ottoman Empire. N.p ., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2013 . http :// epicworldhistory.blogspot.ca/2012/05/ottoman-empire.html The History of the Croissant | eHow.com http :// www.ehow.com/facts_7328369_history croissant.html#ixzz2IOR0xhag "Arthur Rimbaud Coffee Trader." Aramco World. N.p ., Oct. 2001. Web. http :// www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200105/arthur.rimbaud.coffee.trader.htm pictrs off army http://www.flickr.com/photos/cool-art/4483351823 / https:// www.facebook.com/ottomanpictures “The Suleimaniye Mosque” travil tips Web. 22 an. 2013. http:// www.articlesbase.com/travel-tips-articles/take-flights-to-istanbul-and-visit-ottoman-imperial-sleymaniye-mosque-2822339.html?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=ab_paid_12&gclid=CPjNhJHm-LQCFcKPPAod2gMA-A