OUTLINING(LESSON 5 in English for Academic and Professional Purposes

English for Academic and Professional purposes

1. OUTLINING WEEK5

2. At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: define outlining; describe different types and forms of outline; identify basic principles and rules in outlining; and outline reading texts in various disciplines.

3. Outline An outline is a tool for organizing ideas. It is used not only as a pre-writing strategy but also as a post-reading activity.

4. An outline , also known as hierarchical outline, organizes materials hierarchically and sequentially by classifying main topics, subtopics, and the supporting details. Outlines allow you to group materials by similar concepts or content and put them into a logical order.

5. The arrangement of items follows a consistent principle. It is essential to point out that each organizational level in an outline has at least two subcategories as advised by major style manuals in current use.

6. Primary reasons for creating an outline: ● Aids in the process of writing ● Helps you organize your ideas ● Presents your material in a logical form ● Shows the relationships among ideas in your writing ● Constructs an ordered overview of your writing ● Defines boundaries and groups

7. TYPES OF OUTLINE

8. 1. Sentence Outline It is a hierarchical outline composed of sentences. It is the type of outline typically used to plan books, stories, and essays. It can also be used as a publishing format, in which the outline itself is the end product. It makes use of complete sentences.

9. 2. Topic Outline It is a hierarchical outline composed of topics. Each entry is a subtopic of the subject of the outline. One application of topic outlines is the college overview/outline provided by professors to their students to describe the course scope. It only makes use of keywords and phrases.

10. FORMS OF OUTLINE

11. Alphanumeric Outline is the most common type of outline and usually instantly recognizable to most people. The formatting follows these characters, in this order: ● Roman Numerals ● Capitalized Letters ● Arabic Numerals ● Lowercase Letter

12. Decimal Outline It is similar in format to the alphanumeric outline. The added benefit is a decimal notation system that clearly shows how every level of the outline relates to the larger whole.

13. Guidelines in Writing an Outline: Place the title at the center above the outline. Every level of the outline must have at least two items (I and II, A and B, 1 and 2). Put a period after each numeral and letter. Indent each new level of the outline.

14. Guidelines in Writing an Outline: All items of one kind (roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numerals) should line up with each other. Capitalize the first letter of each item. The terms Introduction, Body, and Conclusion do not have to be included in the outline. They are not topics; they are merely organizational units in the writer’s mind.

15. BASIC PRINCIPLES AND RULES IN OUTLINING

16. Principle of Division You cannot claim to have divided something and have only one part, so since outlining is based on division, every part of an outline with subtopics should have at least two parts or subsections.

17. Principle of Classification Similar ideas should go together. This implies that there should be no overlapping of topics and subtopics in an outline.

18. Principle of Coordination Ideas of equal rank and value are coordinates. Therefore, they belong to the same level of the outline. Coordinate headings must be expressed in parallel construction.

19. Principle of Subordination There are big ideas and small ideas; small ideas should fall under the appropriate big ideas.