overview Human Anatomy and Physiology.pptx

overview Human Anatomy and Physiology. part 1

1. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY By : Dr Surabhi Singh

2. Content INTRODUCTION DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION GLOBAL AND INDIAN MARKET SALIENT FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT PHASES OF MEDICAL DEVICE CLINICAL TRIAL TYPES OF INVESTIGATIONAL DEVICE STUDIES DIFFERENCES WITH DRUG TRIAL GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE INDIAN PERSPECTIVE CONCLUSION

3. Human Anatomy And Physiology Anatomy: Study of structure of body: the branch of science that studies the physical structure of a human body Physiology: Study of functioning of living things: the branch of biology that deals with the internal workings of living things, including functions such as metabolism, respiration, and reproduction.

4. Cell Structural and functional unit of life A cell is the basic unit that is capable of performing life functions Cells have 3 major subdivision Plasma membrane(cell membrane) Nucleus Cytoplasm Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex Lysosomes Mitochondria Ribosomes

5. Functions of Cell

6. Tissues Tissue is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit. A nonliving material, called the intercellular matrix, fills the spaces between the cells. Types of Tissue Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscular Tissue Nervous Tissue

7. Functions of Tissues

8. Epithelial Tissues

9. Connective Tissues

10. Muscular Tissues Muscular tissue is classified on the basis of the appearance of the contractile cells Smooth muscle Striated muscle- Skeletal- Cardiac A skeletal muscle consists of striated muscle fibers held together by connective tissue called endomysium A skeletal muscle fiber is a multinucleated structure, loaded with specific organels of contraction – myofibrils in between muscle fibers are located stem cells called myosatellitocytes

11. Nervous Tissues Nervous tissue is  found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves . It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.The cells in nervous tissue that generate and conduct impulses are called neurons or nerve cells Types of Nervous Tissue Neuroglia. Astrocytes. Microglial Cells. Neurons .

12. Skeleton System The skeletal system includes all of the bones, cartilages, and ligaments of the body that support and give shape to the body and body structures. The skeleton consists of the bones of the body. For adults, there are 206 bones in the skeleton

13. Axial Skeleton vs Appendicular Skeleton

14. Functions of skeleton system Support structure for your body. Provide Shape Allows Movement, Makes blood cells, Provides protection for organs and stores minerals.

15. Joints A joint is a point where two or more bones meet. There are three main types of joints;  Fibrous (immovable) Cartilaginous (partially moveable) Synovial (freely moveable) joint.

16. Function of Joints Joints bind the skeleton together, to give structure Allow muscles to move bones to perform certain tasks such as running, reaching and grasping.

17. Blood and its components BLOOD: blood is the main circulating fluid in the human body. • Study of blood is called HAEMATOLOGY. • It is a fluid connective tissue derived from mesoderm. • Bright red in colour , slightly alkaline(pH 7.4), salty, and heavier than water. • The adult has 5lit of blood which constitute about 8% of the total body weight.

18. Blood and its components BLOOD: blood is the main circulating fluid in the human body. • Study of blood is called HAEMATOLOGY. • It is a fluid connective tissue derived from mesoderm. • Bright red in colour , slightly alkaline(pH 7.4), salty, and heavier than water. • The adult has 5lit of blood which constitute about 8% of the total body weight.

19. Blood and its components

20. Functions of Blood and its components

21. Cardiovascular System In some part of the system diameter of the arteries are changed to control pressure. Pump(heart) is a isolated two stage synchronized chamber The first stage is to collect blood from the system and pump it in to 2 nd stage . The second stage then pump these blood to the system

22. Heart & Valves

23. Heart Valves Heart has 4 valves Tricuspid/Right Atrio -Ventricular valve Between Right A and V, Prevents blood flow from right V to A Bicuspid/ left Atrio -Ventricular valve Between left A and V, Prevents blood flow from left V to A Pulmonary valve At right ventricle, It has 3 cusps Aortic Valve Between left ventricle and aorta, It has 3 cusps

24. Heart Layers Heart wall consists of three layers Pericardium Outer most layer, keeps outer surface moist, prevents friction Myocardium Middle layer, Main muscle of heart, made up of short cylindrical fibres Endocardium Inner layer of heart, Provides smooth lining for blood flow