Overview of Functions in SAP for Retail, SAPIRT Col15

This e-book provides a comprehensive overview of SAP for Retail functions based on SAP ERP Central Component 6.0 Enhancement Package 7. It walks readers through essential retail processes such as requirements planning, store replenishment, and merchandise distribution. Designed for professionals seeking to understand retail-specific business flows in SAP ERP, it bridges foundational concepts with real-world applications across the retail supply chain.

1. SAPIRT
Overview of Functions in SAP for
Retail
.
.
PARTICIPANT HANDBOOK
INSTRUCTOR-LED TRAINING
.
Course Version: 15
Course Duration:
Material Number: 50135138
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2. SAP Copyrights, Trademarks and
Disclaimers
© 2022 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
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Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its distributors contain proprietary
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National product specifications may vary.
These materials may have been machine translated and may contain grammatical
errors or inaccuracies.
These materials are provided by SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company for
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and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements
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3. Typographic Conventions
American English is the standard used in this handbook.
The following typographic conventions are also used.
This information is displayed in the instructor’s presentation
Demonstration
Procedure
Warning or Caution
Hint
Related or Additional Information
Facilitated Discussion
User interface control
Example text
Window title
Example text
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5. Contents
vii Course Overview1 Unit 1: Navigation3 Lesson: Navigation15 Unit 2: Introduction17 Lesson: Solution Overview & Introduction37 Unit 3: Basic Concepts39 Lesson: Organizational Structures45 Lesson: Master Data77 Lesson: Inventory Management87 Lesson: Conditions103 Unit 4: Requirements Planning from Vendor to Distribution Center105 Lesson: Requirements Planning117 Lesson: Purchase Order Management125 Lesson: Order Confirmation & Goods Receipt Process in a DC135 Lesson: Invoice Verification139 Lesson: Condition Contract Settlement149 Unit 5: Replenishment Planning for Stores151 Lesson: Store Connection with POS Sales163 Lesson: Replenishment Planning177 Lesson: Goods Issue Process in a DistributionCenter195 Lesson: SAP In-Store Merchandise and Inventory Management201 Lesson: Selling to Customers - Sales Order213 Lesson: Physical Inventory225 Unit 6: Retail Promotion with Merchandise Distribution227 Lesson: Promotion Planning and Subsequent Processing247 Lesson: Merchandise Distribution257 Lesson: Collective Purchase Order
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7. Course Overview
TARGET AUDIENCE
This course is intended for the following audiences:
●Application Consultant
●Data Consultant
●Development Consultant
●Industry / Business Analyst Consultant
●Project Manager
●Developer
●Business Process Owner/Team Lead/Power User
●Industry Specialist
●Solution Architect
●Business User
●Super / Key / Power User
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9. UNIT 1
Navigation
Lesson 1
Navigation
3
UNIT OBJECTIVES
●Log on to the SAP system
●Name and use the elements on the SAPGUI screen
●Use different personalization options
●Use F1- and F4 Help menus
●Customize the Local Layout
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10. Unit 1: Navigation
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11. Unit 1
Lesson 1
Navigation
LESSON OVERVIEW
In this lesson you will learn how to log on to the SAP system. The meaning of the various
screen elements in the SAPGUI environment is presented as well as various options for
accessing functions in the SAP system.
You will learn how to use favorites and the help functions, how to maintain the local layout and
what is the meaning of the customizing.
Business Example
How do I log on to an SAP system, and what do the different SAP GUI screen elements mean?
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
●Log on to the SAP system
●Name and use the elements on the SAPGUI screen
●Use different personalization options
●Use F1- and F4 Help menus
●Customize the Local Layout
Logging on to the System
You can access SAP systems using different configurations of front-end programs, for
example, For example, the Business Explorer (BEx) is the front end for the SAP Business
Warehouse (SAP BW). However, all solutions delivered by SAP are also always accessible by
way of a general front end program, the SAP GUI (Graphical User Interface). The SAP GUI is
the standard point of entry for almost all SAP solutions. There are different variants of the
SAP GUI, which are all the same graphically, but are implemented in different ways. The
information given below is based on the assumption that you are using the SAP GUI in a
Windows environment.
The SAP GUI program connects the front-end computer with a specific SAP system.
Theoretically, it is possible to enter the relevant selected SAP system into the SAP GUI call in
a command line, but for day-to-day work this is not practical. SAP therefore provides another
program for the front end: SAP Logon. When the SAP Logon program is called, it displays a
list of SAP systems for which you can start the logon process. This list derives from a file on
the front-end computer: saplogon.ini. This file is normally preconfigured centrally and made
available to end users. When logging on to a system, the SAP Logon program also enables
“load balancing” using the available resources of the chosen system.
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12. Figure 1: The SAP Logon Program
When logging on to an SAP system, you will be prompted to enter the following information:
●user
●password
If you are using a Single Sign-On solution, you do not need to enter this information. You also
have the option of specifying a client when logging on; the client field usually already contains
an appropriate default value.
Hint:
A client usually represents a particular company in an SAP system. This means
that in an SAP system with multiple clients, several companies can be
represented and used in parallel. The client is represented as a key field in the
tables of the database used by the SAP system. When working in a client, you
only have access to data from the same client. Each client therefore represents
an independent business entity.
At log on, you can select any of the logon languages supported by your system. Installed SAP
systems can support a large number of languages. At the very least, this means English and
one other selected language. Which languages your system supports depends on the number
of installed languages. On the logon screen, you can also change your password using the
New Password pushbutton. You can only do this once per day. Your system administrators
can also add text of their choice to the logon screen. For more information on how to do this,
see SAP Note 205487.
Unit 1: Navigation
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13. Note:
SAP Notes contain supplementary information on particular functions, or
corrections to known errors in SAP products. You can access SAP Notes on the
Internet, for example, by specifying a valid user and password on: http://
support.sap.com/notes
Hint:
When you log on to a system once, you can work in several parallel sessions
(editing windows of the SAP system) at the same time. The system administrator
can use a system parameter to specify how many sessions are permitted during
each logon to the SAP system. This parameter (rdisp/max_alt_modes) applies to
all users in a system and can be set to values from 2 to 6.
User data is client-specific. This means you might be able to log on to client 401 of your
system but might not have a user for client 402. The data stored for a particular user within a
client is called the “user master record”.
As of SAP R/3 release 4.6, multiple logons are logged. This is for security reasons and
licensing considerations. Each time the same user logs on to a system for a second time or
more, a message is displayed with three options:
●Close all existing session(s) and log on again
●Keep existing session(s) open, and open an additional session (this is recorded in the log).
●Cancel the new logon
When you have logged on successfully, the initial screen of the SAP system is displayed. This
is also known as the “SAP Easy Access” screen.
Screen Layout
The SAP Easy Access screen is the standard entry screen in SAP systems. For the SAP Retail
System, an own Easy Access Menu is available: SAP Easy Access SAP Retail. On the left hand
side of the screen, a tree structure is displayed containing a list of the available SAP system
menu entries. On the right of the screen, a customized logo can be displayed. This logo is
provided centrally by system administration. It cannot be set for individual users.
Lesson: Navigation
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14. Figure 2: SAP Easy Access
An SAP screen can contain the following simple screen elements:
●Command field: You can start applications directly by entering the transaction code in the
command field. The command field is normally hidden. selection. You can find the
transaction code for an application in the tree structure on the SAP Easy Access screen, in
the status bar (see below) or in the application itself under System → Status.
●Menu bar: The menu bar is the top line of any primary window in the SAP system. The
menus displayed here depend on the application that you are currently using. Some
menus also contain submenus.
●System toolbar: The pushbuttons in the standard toolbar are shown on every SAP screen.
If any pushbuttons cannot be used in a particular application, they are grayed out. If you
leave the cursor positioned over a pushbutton, a text appears displaying the name and the
purpose of the pushbutton in question. If applicable, the corresponding keyboard shortcut
is also displayed.
●Title bar: The title bar names the function that you are currently in.
●Application toolbar: This shows the pushbuttons available in the application that you are
currently in.
●Status bar: This displays information about the current system status, such as warnings
and errors. You can also change the display variant to show, for example, the transaction
code of the transaction you are currently in.
Unit 1: Navigation
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15. Figure 3: Further Screen Elements on a SAP Gui Screen
Navigation Buttons:
●Enter: With this button you confirm your entries you have made. Keep in mind that this
button is not the save function.
●Back (arrow pointing left on green bullet): With this button you step to the previous screen
(one step back)
●Log off/Exit (arrow pointing upwards on yellow bullet): With this button you can exit the
function/screen.
●Cancel (X on red bullet): With this button you can exit the function/screen.
●Tab pages: This groups several subscreens to provide a clear layout.
●Checkboxes: With checkboxes within a field group, you can select several options at the
same time.
Other screen elements include Input fields and Pushbuttons.
Favorites List and User Menu
Once the user has logged on, two overview trees for selecting functions are displayed on the
left of the screen:
●The user-defined favorites list
●The role-based user menu or the SAP menu
Favorites include functions in the SAP system, and links to Internet content and to files on the
end user’s front end server. The Favorites list is initially empty. Each end user can individually
edit their Favorites list, which can only be seen by them. Since the data on Favorites is stored
in the SAP system, each user can have a different set of Favorites in each system they use.
Lesson: Navigation
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16. Favorites can be organized in folders. To edit your Favorites, choose Favorites from the menu
on the SAP Easy Access screen.
Figure 4: Role-Based User Menu
You can add a function that is currently highlighted with the cursor in the user (or SAP) menu
to your personal favorites list by choosing Favorites → Add in the Favorites menu. You can
also “drag and drop” the highlighted function with the mouse. You can also add URLs and file
links to the favorites list if you choose Favorites → Add Other Objects. To expand or collapse
the Favorites list, choose the triangular arrow symbol in front of the file.
Depending on the system settings, the end user can switch between the role-based user
menu and the standard SAP menu.
Hint:
System administrators can use the table USERS_SSM to determine whether or
not a user can switch between these menus. If the user is not allowed to change
the menu, the relevant user menu is displayed anyway. The availability of the
user menu or SAP menu does not affect the user’s authorizations. This means a
user can always access the functions they are authorized to use by specifying
their transaction codes (see below).
The role-based user menu (as shown in the slide above) is created on the basis of the role(s)
assigned to the user and transferred to the front end. You are therefore advised to make roles
as small as possible. Large roles can sometimes mean a longer transfer time to the front end.
If several roles are assigned to a user, some functions may be repeated in different positions
in their role-based user menu. If you do not want these to appear twice, see SAP note 357693
(and the other notes listed therein) for information on identifying and deleting duplicates, and
related questions.
Hint:
If they have the appropriate authorizations, users in the SAP system can display
a different user menu than the one defined in the user master record. To do this,
choose the Other Menu pushbutton. By choosing Create Role, you can display
the role maintenance function, transaction PFCG.
Unit 1: Navigation
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17. Calling Functions
There are three ways to display the transaction code in SAP system:
Figure 5: Transaction Code
To use the command field you have to enter a transaction code and press enter. How to I
know which transaction code I should use? There are three different ways to see which
transaction code is used for which function:
1.Display the technical key of the transaction in front of the transaction name in the Easy
Access Menu: Extras → Settings
Here, check Display Technical Names
2.Display the transaction code of your current transaction via System → Status
3.Display the transaction code in Status bar
You can use the keyboard to access the SAP Easy Access menu and the command field, and
call functions of the system from there.
Lesson: Navigation
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18. Hint:
To navigate in the system using the keyboard, you can use the following keys:
●“TAB”: jump from one field element to the next in a field group from one field
group to the next
●“Ctrl + TAB”: goes from one field group to the first element of the next field
group
●“Ctrl + /”: goes directly to the command field
When the cursor is in the command field, you can choose the F1 key to display
input help, which lists possible input options for this field. The following entries
are possible:
●/n to end the current transaction
●/nXXXX to call the transaction XXXX starting from a different transaction.
Without the prefix, calling XXXX only works if you are starting from the SAP
Easy Access menu.
●/o displays your sessions
●/oXXXX to call the transaction XXXX in a new session, starting from a
different transaction.
●/nend to end the logon session with a confirmation prompt.
●/nex to end the logon session without a confirmation prompt.
●/i to delete the current active session.
Note:
Contrary to the norm, you do not use F4 to display input help for the command
field. In the command field, F4 help only lists the last 15 different entries that have
been made in the field. This list is stored in the registry on the front end and
applies for all sessions of one front end (independent of the system used).
The Standard “System” and “Help” Menus
The System menu and the Help menu are displayed on every SAP screen, and are always in
the same format.
In the System menu, you can access a variety of system functions. This menu also contains
functions that you can only access using this menu (and not in any other way). You can
choose System → Log Off to exit the session, and System → Status to obtain valuable
information about the system and the function currently being executed, such as the
transaction code.
Unit 1: Navigation
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19. Figure 6: The System and Help Menus
Access to the online documentation is available under the Help menu. You can also display
the “Release Notes” and configure the standard settings for your F4 Help. However, you will
mostly use the Help menu to navigate to the specific section of the online documentation
relevant for your current work in the current context. This context-sensitive help is also called
“Application Help”. The tool for accessing the online documentation as a whole is the “SAP
Library”.
F1 Help
Figure 7: F1 Help
You can use the F1 key to display explanations for fields, menus, functions, and messages.
The F1 Help also displays technical information on the current field. For example, there you
will also find the Parameter ID, which you can use for your user to preassign values to input
fields that also reference this parameter ID. For example, you can also obtain interesting
information by calling up the F1 Help for the command field.
Lesson: Navigation
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20. You can also use other buttons in the “Performance Assistant” dialog box to display
information on the selected field. One of the most important pieces of information, besides
the link to the context-sensitive Application Help, is the link to the Technical Information. Use
Technical Information to display detailed information, such as the parameter ID assigned to
the field. Parameter IDs are not covered in detail at this point.
Note:
You may need to activate the Performance Assistant first by choosing
Help → Settings → F1 Help.
F4 Help
Figure 8: F4 Help
Choosing F4 displays information on the possible input values for a field. Alternatively, you
can call the F4 Help using the pushbutton directly on the right of the selected field. If a field
contains a “checkmark” symbol, you can only continue in the application if a permitted value
is entered in this field (required or mandatory entry). By using different transaction and
screen layouts, or in Customizing, the user can define many fields as required or optional,
hide fields, or enter default values and make the fields invisible.
F4 Help displays a list of possible entries for a field. If there is a large number of possible
entries, an additional selection screen is displayed “in between”. If the results list is very large,
the F4 Help only displays the number of entries specified by the user on the F4 Help tab under
Help → Settings. The default value is 500. Familiarize yourself with the other settings on this
page.
Unit 1: Navigation
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