Overview of green biotechnology

WHAT IS GREEN BIOTECHNOLOGY?
• Biotechnology can be defined as any technological application that uses biological systems , living microorganisms or derivatives , they are of to make or modify products or process for specific use.
• It is commonly known as PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY , which is applied to agricultural process produce more environmental friendly solutions , which are alternative to traditional industrial agriculture.
• It is defined as the application of biological techniques to plant with the aim of improving the nutritional quality , quantity and production economics.
• The most recent application of biotechnology in respect to this area is GENETIC MODIFICATION also known as genetic engineering , genetic manipulation , gene technology or rDNA technology.
WHO INTRODUCED?
• The first agricultural biotechnology product developed for human use was the FLAVER SAVER TOMATO , produced in the year 1987 by Calgene of Davis , C alifornia.
AIM:
• Tackle food security issues.
• Plants for fuels.
• Reduce the environmental issues.
APPLICATIONS OF GREEN BIOTECHNOLOGY:
i. Plant tissue culture (also micropropagation ):
A technique to produce whole plant from a minute piece of plant like the meristem , root or even just a single cell under laboratory condition. Eg . crops produced using tissue culture include bananas , coffee etc.

ii. Plant molecular markers :
A technique uses molecular markers to select a specific plants that possess a desirable gene. Eg . IITA used this markers to obtain a cowpea resistant to beetle.

iii. Plant genetic engineering:
The selective and transfer of beneficial gene(s) from one to another to create new improved crops. Eg. Cotton , sweet potato and includes bacterial resistance in rice , cassava and banana and submergeic tolerance in rice.

iv. Biofertilizers and biopesticides :
Farmers uses this to reap more benefits and avoid the chemical pesticides having pollutants . 10% of India’s pollution is saved through the use of biofertilizers.

v. Hybridization:
Scientists exploits the fact that some offspring from the progeny of a cross between 2 known parents would be better than the parents . Eg. Hybrid corns.
BT cotton: some BT companies are using the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringenesis (BT) to produce a BT- toxin gene to splice into cotton, the toxin eats into the gut of pest

1. Overview of Green Biotechnology By ANBARASAN R, Final Year M.Sc Biotechnology (CBCS), Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar,Chidambaram .

2. Contents Introduction Who Introduced? Genetically modified crops Methods Application Risk Future Perspective 2 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology

3. Introduction Green biotechnology is commonly known as PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY, which is applied to agricultural process produce more environmental friendly solutions, which are alternative traditional industrial agriculture. It is defined as the application of biological techniques to plant with the aim of improving the nutritional quality, quantity and production economics. The most recent application of biotechnology in respect to this area is GENETIC MODIFICATION also known as GENETIC ENGINEERING, 3 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology

4. Who Introduced? The first agricultural biotechnology product developed for human use was FLAVER SAVER TOMATO produced in the year 1987 by Calgene of Davis,California . 4 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology

5. Some of the genetically modified crops Corn Soybean Cotton Potato Papaya Grapes Brinjal Tomato 5 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology

6. Methods Plant tissue culture (Micropropagation) A technique to produce whole plant from a minute piece of plant like the meristem,root or even just a single cell under laboratory condition. Eg : Crops produced using tissue culture include bananas,coffee etc. Plant molecular markers A technique uses molecular markers to select a specific plants that possess a desirable gene. Eg : IITA used this markers to obtain a cowpea resistant to beetle. 6 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnlogy

7. 7 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology Plant Genetic Engineering The selective and transfer of beneficial gene(s) from one to another to create new improved crops. Eg : Cotton,sweet potato and includes bacterial resistance in rice,cassava and banana and submergic tolerance in rice. Hybridization Scientists exploits the fact that some offspring from the progeny of a cross between 2 known parents would be better than the parents. Eg : Hybrid corns.

8. 8 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology BT Cotton Some Biotechnology companies are using the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringenisis (BT) to produce a BT – toxin gene to splice into cotton,the toxin eats into the gut of pest and kills them.

9. Benefits Increase crop productivity Biotechnology has helped to increase crop productivity by introducing qualities like disease resistance and increased drought tolerance to the crops,researchers can select genes for disease resistance from other species and transfer them to important crops. Enhanced crop protection It provides cost effective solutions to pest problem crop such as corn,cotton and potato have been successfully transformed through genetic engineering to make a protein that kills certain insects when they feed on the plants. 9 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology

10. 10 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology Improved nutritional value Crops are fortified or enriched with nutrients to supply essential nutrients in regular diets and staple crops and reduce malnutrition in developing countries. Golden rice is genetically engineered to biosynthesize β carotene , the precursor of vitamin A .This helps to prevent death and childhood blindness caused by vitamin A deficiency. Improved agronomic traits Tolls of biotechnology largely efficient in enhancing the agronomic trait of plant and agriculture . The trait include insect, herbicide, virus disease resistance and temperature tolerance , drought tolerance delayed fruit ripening , increased dietary value, improved food processing . Eg : BT cotton also resistance to herbicide.

11. Application of Green Biotechnolgy Overview of Green Biotechnology

12. 12 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology Environment uses living system to solve environmental pollution . Fundamentally rooted in waste such as remedy of contamination , impact of reduction of current activity and control of pollution. This aspect prevents pollutants to environment , cleaning up environmental contaminants and generating valuable resources.

13. Bioremediation M ake use of microorganism to destroy or immobilize waste materials and environmental pollution . it involves biostimulation and bioaggumentation . Eg : biodegradation of plastics by p.putida 13 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology

14. Bio-energy and Bio-fuel S ignificant application of green biotechnology is the conversion of biomass into heat and electricity and biofuels through thermochemical and biochemical conversion processes and extraction process. 14 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology

15. Bio - fertilizers I mportant in sustainable agricultural practices to replace use of toxic and harmful chemicals. Used as microbial inoculants or microbial preparations , biofertilizers improves the nutritional contents of the soil. 15 02/12/2020 Overview of Green Biotechnology

16. 16 02/12/2021 Overview of Green Biotechnology Health related issues ( allergens and toxins ) Environment and ecological issue ( superweeds , insect resistance) Social issue (labeling) – terminator technology – must buy new seed annually .

17. Future Perspective Increase food production : around 800 million people world wide suffer from hunger . the world population will grow to 8.1 billion by 2030. Most increase in production by biotechnology can improve the global food situation . Improve and the production of new product with new trait. Food enhancement – the food is safer than conventional food . Improves health and safety standards and less environment pollution. 17 02/12/2021 Overview o Greenf Biotechnology

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