Overview of the Respiratory System......

The lesson discussed more on respiratory system

1. CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PREPARED BY: S, JULIUS S. DELA CRUZ

2. S9LT-la_x0002_b-26 Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to transport nutrients, gases, and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body

3. The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to maintain homeostasis. The circulatory system transports blood and other materials. brings supplies to cells carries away wastes separates oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood

4. The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs. picks up oxygen from inhaled air expels carbon dioxide and water

5. The respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood. The lungs contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Millions of alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area. The alveoli absorb oxygen from the air you inhale.

6. Breathing involves the diaphragm and muscles of the rib cage. Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure.

7. The circulatory system moves blood to all parts of the body. The system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. heart pumps blood throughout body arteries move blood away from heart veins move blood back to heart capillaries get blood to and from cells

8. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions collecting waste materials maintaining body temperature There are three major functions of the circulatory system. transporting blood, gases, nutrients

9. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood to and from the alveoli. oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillary oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells carbon dioxide difuses from capillary into alveoli ALVEOLI GAS EXCHANGES capillaries alveolus capillary co₂ o₂ Co₂ diffuses into alveolus. O₂ diffuses into blood.

10. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. Breathing is regulated by the brain stem. midbrain pons medulla oblongata spinal chord

11. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange. Lung diseases reduce airflow and oxygen absorption. Emphysema destroys alveoli. Asthma constricts airways. Cystic fibrosis produces sticky mucus.

12. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Smoking is the leading cause of lung diseases.

13. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions The tissues and structures of the heart make it an efficient pump. Cardiac muscle tissue works continuously without tiring. NORMAL HUMAN HEART

14. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions The heart has four chambers: two atria, two ventricles. Valves in each chamber prevent backflow of blood. Muscles squeeze the chambers in a powerful pumping action. aortic valve left atrium mitral valve left ventricle septum pulmonary valve right atrium tricuspid right ventricle

15. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions SA node, or pacemaker, stimulates atria to contract AV node stimulates ventricles to contract SA node VA node The heartbeat consists of two contractions.

16. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway. 1 2 4 3

17. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway. oxygen-poor blood enters right atrium, then right ventricle right ventricle pumps blood to lungs oxygen-rich blood from lungs enters left atrium, then left ventricle left ventricle pumps blood to body

18. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions The heart pumps blood through two main pathways. Pulmonary circulation occurs between the heart and the lungs. oxygen-poor blood enters lungs excess carbon dioxide and water expelled blood picks up oxygen oxygen-rich blood returns to heart

19. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Systemic circulation occurs between the heart and the rest of the body. oxygen-rich blood goes to organs, extremities oxygen-poor blood returns to heart The two pathways help maintain a stable body temperature.

20. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Arteries, veins, and capillaries transport blood to all parts of the body. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. blood under great pressure thicker, more muscular walls ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARIES arteriole venule endothelium connective tissue smooth muscle valve

21. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Veins carry blood back to the heart. blood under less pressure thinner walls, larger diameter valves prevent backflow ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARIES arteriole venule endothelium connective tissue smooth muscle valve

22. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Capillaries move blood between veins, arteries, and cells. ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARIES arteriole endothelium connective tissue smooth muscle venule valve

23. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pushing against artery walls. systolic pressure: left ventricle contracts diastolic pressure: left ventricle relaxes High blood pressure can precede a heart attack or stroke.

24. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Lifestyle plays a key role in circulatory diseases. Some choices lead to an increased risk of circulatory diseases. smoking long-term stress excessive weight lack of exercise diet low in fruits and vegetables, high in saturated fats

25. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Circulatory diseases affect mainly the heart and the arteries. artery walls become thick and inflexible plaque blocks blood flow in arteries

26. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Blood is composed mainly of cells, cell fragments, and plasma. Whole blood is made up of different materials. plasma red blood cells white blood cells platelets red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets plasma

27. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Plasma is a key factor in maintaining homeostasis. molecules diffuse into and out of plasma contains proteins that stabilize blood volume contains clotting factors contains immune proteins

28. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Platelets and different types of blood cells have different functions. The bone marrow manufactures most of the blood components. red blood cell platelet white blood cell

29. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Red blood cells make up 40-45 % of all blood cells. transport oxygen to cells and carry away carbon dioxide have no nuclei and contain hemoglobin

30. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions White blood cells fight pathogens and destroy foreign matter. red blood cell platelet white blood cell

31. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Platelets help form clots that control bleeding. platelets fibrin red blood cell white blood cell

32. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Arteries of The Circulatory System

33. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Protein markers define blood types and Rh factors. ABO blood group the most common Rh factor can be negative or positive blood types must be compatible for transfusions

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