Oxide Minerals

There is an abundant number of minerals around the world, one of which is on the category called oxide minerals. Lets dig in through the depths of the world among the 5 examples of oxide minerals and their properties and purposes.

1. OXIDE MINERALS

2. What makes a mineral an oxide mineral? Minerals in this class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion ( O 2− ) and is bonded to one or more metal ions. The hydroxide bearing minerals are typically included also in this class. Oxide mineral , any naturally occurring  inorganic compound  with a structure based on close-packed  oxygen  atoms in which smaller, positively charged  metal  or other ions occur in interstices. Oxides are distinguished from other oxygen-bearing  compounds  such as the silicates, borates, and carbonates, which have a readily definable group containing oxygen atoms covalently bonded to an atom of another element.

3. LET’S DIG IN DEEPER!

4. MAGNETITE - Fe 3 O 4 (Magnetic Iron Ore) Magnetite is best known for its property of being strongly attracted to  magnet s. Some forms of Magnetite from specific localities are in fact themselves magnets. Commonly known as  Lodestone , this  magnetic  form of Magnetite is the only mineral that is a natural magnet. Due to the magnetism of Lodestone, small iron particles are often found clinging to its surfaces

5. MORE PROPERTIES ABOUT MAGNETITE Color – black to brownish black Lustre – metallic to semimetallic Mohs Hardness – 5 ½ to 6 ½ Specific Gravity – 5.2 Crystal System – isometric; mostly in octahedrons Composition – 72.4% Iron and 27.6% Oxygen sometimes contains Titanium and Manganese Cleavage – indistinct Streak - Black

6. USES OF MAGNETITE AS AN ORE OF IRON - Most of the iron ore mined today is a banded sedimentary rock known as taconite that contains a mixture of magnetite, hematite, and chert .  AS A HEAVY MEDIA - Powdered magnetite is often mixed with a liquid to produce a thick, high-density slurry that is used for specific gravity separations AS AN ABRASIVE- The abrasive known as "emery" is a natural mixture of magnetite and corundum. Other uses include: as a toner in electrophotograpy , as a micronutrient in fertilizers, as a pigment in paints and as an aggregate in high-density concrete

7. MAGNETITE: DO YOU FIND ME ATTRACTIVE?

8. ILMENITE - FeTiO ₃ ( Manaccanite ) Ilmenite is a common accessory  mineral  in  igneous rocks , sediments, and  sedimentary rocks  in many parts of the world. Apollo astronauts found abundant ilmenite in lunar rocks and the lunar regolith. Ilmenite is a black iron-titanium oxide with a chemical composition of FeTiO 3 . Ilmenite is the primary ore of  titanium , a  metal needed to make a variety of high-performance alloys. 

9. MORE PROPERTIES ABOUT ILMENITE Color –iron black Lustre – metallic to semimetallic Mohs Hardness – 5 to 6 Specific Gravity – 4.7 to 4.8 Crystal System – hexagonal; thick tabular crystals Composition – 36.8% Iron, 31.6% Titanium and 31.6% Oxygen Cleavage – none Streak - Black

10. USES OF ILMENITE Small amounts of titanium combined with certain metals will produce durable, high-strength, lightweight alloys. These alloys are used to manufacture a wide variety high-performance parts and tools. Examples include: aircraft parts, artificial joints for humans, and sporting equipment such as bicycle frames. About 5% of the ilmenite mined is used to produce titanium metal. Most of the remaining ilmenite is used to make  titanium dioxide , an inert, white, highly reflective material. Whitings are white, highly reflective materials that are ground to a powder and used as pigments. These pigments produce a white color and brightness in paint, paper, adhesives, plastics, toothpaste, and even food.

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12. CORUNDUM - Al 2 O 3   (Ruby/Sapphire) The mineral is widely known for its extreme  hardness and for the fact that it is sometimes found as beautiful transparent crystals in many different colors. The extreme hardness makes corundum an excellent abrasive, and when that hardness is found in beautiful crystals, you have the perfect material for cutting  gemstones .

13. MORE PROPERTIES ABOUT CORUNDUM Color –red (ruby); blue (sapphire); also variable Lustre – adamantine to vitreous Mohs Hardness – 9 Specific Gravity – 4.0 to 4.1 Crystal System – hexagonal; pyramidal crystals Composition – Aluminum and Oxygen Cleavage – None; uneven to conchoidal fracture Streak - Colorless

14. USES OF CORUNDUM AS JEWEL BEARINGS -  The corundum was much harder than the metals used to make the moving parts of a watch, and it was able to stand up to the continuous abrasion without failing AS A GEMSTONE - Gem-quality corundum is a highly prized and valuable material. When it is bright red in color it is called "ruby." When it is blue it is called "sapphire." When colorless it is called a "white sapphire." Gem-quality corundum of any other color is called "fancy sapphire . AS AN ABRASIVE- Crushed corundum is processed to remove impurities and then screened to produce uniformly sized granules and powders. Can be used also as an emery stone. Other uses include: as windows of grocery store scanners, watc crystals, aircraft windows and protective covers for electronic devices

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16. HEMATITE- Fe 2 O 3 .  Hematite is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth's surface and in the shallow crust. Originally named about 300-325 BCE by Theophrastus from the Greek, "α ιμ ατίτις λίθος" ("aematitis lithos") for "blood stone". It is possibly the first mineral ever named ending with a "- ite " suffix. Translated in 79 by Pliny the Elder to haematites , "bloodlike", in allusion to the vivid red colour of the powder.

17. MORE PROPERTIES ABOUT HEMATITE Color – steel gray; dull to bright red Lustre –metallic or submetallic to dull Mohs Hardness – 5 to 6 Specific Gravity –5.3 Crystal System – trigonal (or hexagonal) Composition – 70% Iron and3 0% Oxygen Cleavage – None Streak – Red to reddish brown

18. USES OF HEMATITE AS AN IRON ORE -   Hematite is the world’s most important ore of iron. Although magnetite contains a higher percentage of iron and is easier to process. AS A PIGMENT - Primitive people discovered that hematite could be crushed and mixed with a liquid for use as a paint or cosmetic. Cave paintings, known as "pictographs," dating back to 40,000 years ago were created with hematite pigments. AS AN GEM MATERIAL/ HEALING STONES- Hematite is a minor gem material used to produce cabochons, beads, small sculptures, tumbled stones, and other items. Some people believe that carrying pieces of tumble-polished hematite, known as "healing stones," will bring relief from certain medical problems Other uses include: as material for stopping x-rays, ballast for ships and polisiing compounds known as “red rouge”

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20. CASSETERITE - SnO ₂ (Tinstone) It is the most important source of tin, and most of the world’s supply of tin is obtained by mining cassiterite . Small amounts of primary cassiterite are found in  igneous  and  metamorphic rocks throughout the world. It is also a residual mineral found in soils and sediments. Cassiterite is more resistant to weathering than many other minerals, and that causes it to be concentrated in stream and shoreline sediments.

21. MORE PROPERTIES ABOUTCASSETERITE Color – reddish or yellowish brown to brownish black Lustre – adamantine to metallic adamantine, usually splendent Mohs Hardness – 6 to 7 Specific Gravity – 7.0 Crystal System –tetragonal Composition – Tin and Oxygen Cleavage – Imperfect Streak – A trace of white to no streak at all.

22. USES OF CASSETERITE AS A PRIMARY TIN ORE -   Cassiterite is an economically important mineral, being the primary ore of the metal tin. It is also used as a collectors mineral with the transparent forms being highly desired. Cassiterite is occasionally used as a minor gemstone, being faceted mostly for collectors. AS AN GEMSTONE - Gem-quality cassiterite is very rare. To be suitable for cutting faceted gems cassiterite must be transparent, free of fractures, be of high clarity and have an attractive color.

23. DO WHAT IS RIGHT CASSETERITE HUEHUE

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