Oxo acids of halogens and their structures

Oxo acids of halogens and their structures

1. Oxo acids of halogens and
their structures
Dr. MithilFalDesai
Shree Mallikarjun and Shri Chetan Manju Desai
College Canacona Goa

2. Formula of the acid Halo-acid
HXO, X= F, Cl, Br, I Hypohalous acid
HXO
2, X= Cl Halousacid
HXO
3, X= Cl, Br, I Halicacid
HXO
4, X= Cl, Br, I Perhalicacid
Oxoacids of halogen

3. Halogen
oxo anion
Name Formula of
the acid
Name of oxo-halo
acid
Oxidation
state of X
(XO)
-
hypohaliteHXO Hypohalous acid +1
(XO
2)
-
halite HXO
2 Halousacid +3
(XO
3)
-
halate HXO
3 Halicacid +5
(XO
4)
-
perhalateHXO
4 Perhalicacid +7
Halogen
oxo anion
Name Formula of
the acid
Name of oxo-halo
acid
(ClO)
-
hypochloriteHClO Hypochlorous acid
(ClO
2)
-
chloriteHClO
2 Chlorousacid
(ClO
3)
-
chlorateHClO
3 Chloric acid
(ClO
4)
-
perchlorateHClO
4 Perchloric acid
Oxoacids of halogen (Nomenclature)
Example

4. Valence shell electronic configuration of halogen atom is ns
2
,np
5
,nd
0
Valence shell electronic configuration of oxide ion is 2s
2
,np
6
Halogen atom in Groundstate
ns np nd
Possible hybridization and structure of halogen
in oxo-halo acid -Hypohalous (XO)
-
Halogen atom in Excitedstate
sp
3
LP LPLPBP
X
O
-Linear
σ

5. Valence shell electronic configuration of halogen atom is ns
2
,np
5
,nd
0
Valence shell electronic configuration of oxide ion is 2s
2
,np
6
Halogen atom in Groundstate
ns np nd
Halogen atom in Excitedstate
sp
3
LP LPBPBP
X
O
-Bent
BP
π
σσ
O
Possible hybridization and structure of halogen in
oxo-halo acid (XO
2)
-

6. Possible hybridization of halogen in oxo-halo acid
X
O
-
O
O
X
O
-
O
O
O
Trigonal planarTetrahedral
Hybridization?
(XO
3)
-
(XO
4)
-

7. Strength of oxo-halo acids
HXO
4> HClO
3> HClO
2> HClO
Strength of acid depends
1)Breaking of O-H bond to give oxo anion and proton-
Oxygen more electronegative than chlorine
2) Hydrating both ions.
Size of oxo halo anion
(XO
4)
-
> (XO
3)
-
>(XO
2)
-
> (XO)
-
Hydration energy is less for bigger anion, (this means reverse must have been true)
Cl
O-------H
X
O-------H
O
O
O
More electron density
Strong bond
Less electron density
Weak bond