Paint , types of paint

paints, types of paint, classification of paints, uses of paints, composition of paints, manufacturing procedure of paints, advantages and disadvantages of different types of paint

1. Building construction and material PAINTS AND VARNISHES SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: PROF. DEVYANI TOTLA PROF. SWAPNA DHAVALE RAJESHWARI SANCHETI VISHAKA BOTHRA VISHAKHA PATEWAR MAHIMA BADJATE

2. PAINTS WHAT IS A PAINT ? Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer converts to a solid film. Paint is a colored substance which is spread over a surface and is left to dry to leave a thin decorative, colored and protective coating film.

3. USES OF PAINTS It is used to give high class finish. It is used to give attractive colors. It is used to give pleasing surfaces design and appearance. It is also used to protect the material from atmospheric effects. To protect various substances from corrosion. To protect wooden articles from wet-rot and many other types of defects. To make the material long lasting.

4. Basic composition of paint

5. Prime pigments Titanium dioxide Zinc oxide Titanium oxide is the world’s primary pigment for providing whiteness , brightness and opacity. Resins Binds or glues ingredients (pigments and additives) of paint together . Resins provides adhesion to the substrate . Resins provide durability and resistance properties. Fillers Fillers are special type of pigment that serves to thicken the film and increase the volume of paint . Fillers are usually comprised of cheap and inert materials such as talc , lime , clay , etc.

6. Solvents The main purpose of solvent is to adjust the viscosity of the paint . Water is the main vehicle for water-based paints . Solvent-based paints can have various combinations of solvents as the vehicle , including aliphatic , alcohols , etc. Additives Additive are mixed in very small amounts and yet give a very significant effect on the product . They improve the finished appearance.

7. THE MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE Raw material : Resin , pigment and additive agents are generally major components of paint . Mixing : Resin, pigment and solvent are mixed to produce an even mill base . Milling : Mill base produced at the pre-mixing process is sent to the disperser to finely disperse the pigment particles . Blending : Resin, additive agents and so on are added to the mill base , the dispersion of which is completed . Also, the colour phase is adjusted with colour materials. Filtering : Blended and toned paint is filtrated . Packing : filtrated paint is packed into a container.

8. Paint manufacturing plant

9. CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS Water based paints : It is a mixture of pigments ,binder , drier and mainly water . Oil based paints : oil based paints are made with either alkyd ( synthetic or linseed oil) .

10. WATER BASED OIL BASED Water -based paints dries quickly. Oil based paints takes longer time to dry. Requires only water for its application. Requires turpentine oil or paint thinner for its application. Maintains its original colour for longer period of time. Changes its original colour after the year passes. Water based paints comes in range of cheap to highly expensive luxury qualities. Oil based paints comes in three finishes i.e. high gloss, satin and matt. Can be used on interior as well as exterior walls. Can be used on ceilings, doors, windows, furniture, etc. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WATER-BASED AND OIL BASED

11. Types of paint :

12. DISTEMPER Distemper paint is an ancient type of paint made of water, chalk and pigment, bound with either an animal glue or the adhesive. Distemper paint is thin and not durable, but can be made inexpensively And can achieve nearly any color. It is used as cost effective painting solution. As the distemper is affected by weather and comes off , if washed , so its use is restricted only to interior works . INTERIOR PAINTS

13. TYPES OF DISTEMPER

14. ACRYLIC DISTEMPER SYNTHETIC DISTEMPER High finish in distemper. Low quality in distemper In 1 kg covers area of 150-180 sq. ft (2 coats) In 1 kg covers area of 100-120 sq. ft (2 coats) Brands available: Asian Paints, Berger, Dulux, Nerolac, British paint, Nippon, etc. Brands available: Asian Paints, Berger, Dulux, Nerolac, British Paints, Nippon, etc Sizes: 1kg, 2kg, 5kg, 10kg, 20kg. Sizes: 1kg, 2kg, 5kg, 10kg, 20kg. Price: 1100 Rs per kg Price: 800 Rs per kg

15. Disadvantages OF DISTEMPER PAINT: On drying, the film of distemper shrinks. Hence it leads to crackling and flaking, if the surface to receive distemper is weak. The coating of distemper is usually thick and more brittle than other types of water paints. The film developed by the distemper is porous in character and it allows water vapor to pass through it. They are generally light in color and provide a good reflecting coating. They are less durable then oil paints or emulsion paints. They can be applied on brickwork, cement plastered surface, lime plastered surface, etc. They exhibit poor workability. They prove to be unsatisfactory in damp locations such as kitchen, bathrooms, etc.

16. INTERIOR EMULSIONS These are superior quality paints formed by mixing oil/water and an emulsifying agent to prevent the separation of the combination. They have much better ease of application , are washable . They provide a higher coverage than a distemper or enamel. They have greater overall decorative appeal.

17. TYPES OF INTERIOR EMULSION

18. VINYL MATT EMULSION gives a matt, non-shiny that is good for not showing small imperfections on the wall or ceiling. VINYL SATIN EMULSION gives a subtle soft-shine finish and is a more durable surface than vinyl matt. It is suitable for areas that might need to be occasionally lightly washed or sponged. VINYL SILK EMULSION gives a high shine finish and is the most durable of all the emulsion paints. It is good for the rooms that are subject to a lot of moisture.

19. Vinyl matt Vinyl satin Vinyl silk

20. Enamel paints Oil based paint is more durable , but it takes longer to dry and clean up requires turpentine oil or paint thinner for its application . It can be used on walls , ceilings , doors , windows , iron frames/furniture , wooden frames/furniture, etc . Three finishes : high gloss satin matt Packaging sizes : 50ml , 100ml , 200ml , 1000ml , etc Cost : 26rs – 6500rs .

21. Wood finish Often the wood’s colour is changed by staining , bleaching . Once the wood surface is prepared and stained , the finish is applied and this finish is termed as wood finish . There are different types of finishes available in the market from low range to high end collection as per customer’s requirement : lacquer finish P. u finish polyester finish touchwood finish enamel finish brands : Asian paints , MRF , Berger, Dulux , etc . Packaging size : 200ml , 500ml , 1L , 4L….20L Cost: rs280/ ltr , 175/ ltr , etc .

22. Emulsions It is a smooth water-based , modified acrylic , exterior wall finish with silicon additives . These re the paints that are used in exterior portion of a building that is exposed to direct sunlight, air and water . These types of Paints are often used in painting building from exterior as well as used in interior portion of stairs . EXTERIOR PAINTS

23. Textured paints These are used to create to desired visual effects on the walls . By the use of brushes, rollers , putty knives , trowels and other applications a variety of patters can be created . Other paints can be applied on the textures to create desired effect . Textured paints also help in covering undulations and levelling surfaces . Packaging : 5kg , 25kg , 30kg , 50kg Cost : 750/bag , 850/bag , etc

24. Cement paint To give a new look for concrete and other cement based materials , cement paint is the perfect answer. it is a special paint coating made for a masonry and cement-based materials , including concrete, mortar, concrete blocks. Not only it adds to aesthetic of the wall but also provides a waterproofing coating and can supplement the role of putty . Packaging size : 25kg bag Cost : rs27/kg , rs351/bag .

25. PROCESS OF PAINTING A NEW WALL Check the surface for incidence of dampness of water seepage Rectify the water seepage problem at source . This could mean repairing leaking pipes or cracks in the exterior walls . Any loose plaster should be removed from the wall . Check for loose plaster by tapping on the wall. A hollow sound indicates sign of loose plaster

26. Allow newly plastered surfaces to mature for a Period of at least 6 months after the application Of coat , to ensure through drying of plaster. Scrape with sandpaper to ensure that the Surface is dry and free from dust, dirt or grease Cracks or flakes should be sealed properly with Sealant . Pre-painting

27. Wall surface is to be prepared using POP or wall Putty with specialised Equipments and let it Dry for 24 hours. Sanding of walls is done with sandpaper to Make the base even and balanced . Coats of primer is applied on surface using Brushes and rollers . Painting

28. A base of chalked powder mixed white enamel Paint is applied on walls to make it more smoother. Sanding of walls is done with sandpaper to make The base even and balanced . Second layer of same putty is applied to make It feel and look more smooth and balanced .

29. Error are checked and repaired using the same Chalk powder putty using patti or putty knife Followed by sanding of walls . First coat is applied on wall in ‘w’ formation with Roller and brushes. Second layer of paint is applied in same W pattern . Final repairs are examined if any . Final 3 rd coat Is applied on walls . To make the wall Look beautiful.

30. Painting techniques By brush Correctly prepare the surface and using a good quality brush , the top of the brush is dipped in the paint and the excess removed by drawing it against the edge of the tin. Working from right to left a narrow strip of the work is covered with vertical brush strokes , the area is then ‘crossed’ . The surface is then finally laid off . A strip must be joined to its neighbour as soon as possible and the work so arranged that the surface is finished without interruption.

31. Spray painting It Is an alternative technique essential for cellulose paint . Simply spray equipment comprises a motor and fan giving a current of air delivered by tube to a container and spray gun . The gun has a nozzle from which the paint is forced in a fine spray when a trigger is depressed . An air compressor is used in large equipment . Painting by spray is quicker for large area than brushing. It also uses less paint for this has to be thinner.

32. DEFECTS OF PAINTS Bleeding : its an disruption and staining of the painted surface by chemical action. It happens when an incorrect paint is applied over another one. The remedy is to remove the old paint and renew with a like one . Blistering : it is a common failure caused by poor adhesion or by moisture pushing off the paint . It is prevented by having a dry background, proper printing and removal of very resinous knots. Blooming : it is the mistiness which can appear on varnished or highly glossed surfaces. It is due to presence of moisture or condensation on newly painted areas. Remedy is to repaint. Brush marks : these may be due to paint being too stiff , by poor workmanship or by brushing over paint which have partially set . They are removed by rubbing down by waterproof abrasive followed by repainting . Chalking : it is the powdering of the paint film usually on exposed outside surfaces . It is sign that repainting is necess ary and may be due to poor quality paint .

33. Cissing : it is the shrinking of the paint film usually in quite small , but sometimes in large areas. It is often due to greasy undercoat or lack of key between coats. Repainting is the cure. Cracking : it starts as fine hair crack and may turn to flaking . It can be due to lack of elasticity in finishing coat or unequal elasticity between coats of a paint containing excessive driers. Remedy is to repaint. Crinkling : it is due to incorrect application and excess of paint which forms ‘runs’ on the surface. Remedy is to rub down and start again. Flaking : it is dur to poor adhesion or presence of moisture during painting or due to inadequate cleaning and preparation. Remedy is defective area must be redone .

34. Defects found in painting

35. Advantages and disadvantages of paints

36. Important tools for painting

37. Brands offering paint in India

38. VARNISHES The term varnish is used to indicate the solution of resins or resinous substances prepared either in alcohol, oil or turpentine. Following are the main objects of applying varnish on a wooden surface: It brightens the appearance of the grain in wood. It renders brilliancy to the painted surface. It protects the painted surface from atmospheric actions. It protects the unpainted wooden surface of doors, windows, roof trusses, floors, etc., from the action of atmospheric agencies.

39. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL VARNISH It should render the surface glossy. It should dry rapidly and present a finished surface which is uniform in nature and pleasing in appearance. The colour of varnish should not fade away when the surface is exposed to the atmospheric actions. The protecting film developed by varnish should be tough, hard and durable. It should not shrink or show cracks after drying.

40. INGREDIENTS OF VARNISH RESINS OR RESINOUS SUBSTANCES: the commonly used are copal, lac or shellac and rosin. The copal is the hard substance and is available from the earth at places where pine trees existed in past. The lac or shellac is obtained by exudation of some types of insects in India. The rosin is obtained from pine trees. Other resins are Amber, Mastic, Gum Dammar, etc. DRIERS: the function of a drier in varnish is to accelerate the process of drying. The common driers used in varnishes are litharge, white copper and Lead. SOLVENTS: depending upon the nature of resin, the type of solvent is decided.

41. TYPES OF VARNISHES Oil varnish Spirit varnish Turpentine varnish Water varnish

42. Oil paints: The linseed oil is used as solvents in this type of varnish. The hard resins such as amber and copal are dissolved in linseed oil and if the varnish is not workable, a small quantity of turpentine is added. The oil varnishes dry slowly, but they form hard and durable surface. They are specially adopted for exposed works which require frequent cleaning. They are used on coaches and fittings in houses. Spirit varnish: The methylated spirits of wine are used as solvents in this type of varnish. The resins are of soft variety such as lack or shellac. They are not durable and easily affected by weathering actions. They are generally used for furniture.

43. Turpentine varnish: The turpentine is used as a solvent in this type of varnish. The resins adopted are soft variety. These varnishes dry quickly and posses light colours. They are not durable and tough as oil varnishes. Water varnish: The shellac is dissolved in hot water and enough quantity of ammonia or borox is added such that shellac is dissolved. These varnishes are used for varnishing maps, pictures, etc. They are also used for delicate internal work and as covering for wall paper.

44. PROCESS OF VARNISHING 1. Preparation of surface: the woodwork is thoroughly rubbed down by means of sand paper or pumice stone. The surface is then made smooth and clean. 2. Knotting: the process of knotting is then carried out as in case of painting. 3. Stopping: the surface of woodwork is then stopped. This is done by means of hot weak glue size. It will fill up the pores on the surface. When the surface becomes dry, it should be once again rubbed down by sandpaper. 4. Coats of varnish: the varnish is then applied on the surface in thin coats. The next coat is applied after the previous one has thoroughly dried up. The varnishing should not be done with ordinary paint brushes, fine haired varnishing brushes should be used.

45. THANK YOU