Paper Portfolio

Corey Nikirk's Paper Portfolio
Includes lab reports, AutoCAD drawings, and class projects.

1. Electrical Engineering Technology Paper Portfolio Corey B Nikirk

2. Electrical ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Corey B Nikirk

3. Egg Drop Lab Report Lab Partners: Luke Porter Date of Experiment: 10/15/2015 Objective: The objective is to design a lightweight device using the least number of provided materials to protect a large grade A egg from breaking when dropped. When dropping the built device, the goal is to have it land within the smallest diameter of the target drawn on the ground. List of Equipment: General Equipment Scale to measure the weight of the device (without the egg) Chalk and string to draw target on the ground Measuring tape to measure height of drop Stopwatch Egg drop data sheet and pencil to record data Calculator to calculate score and velocity Engineering Concepts I n Technology Resources: Microsoft Word First Trial Second Trial 1 plastic bag 2 rubber bands 3 popsicle sticks 1 Styrofoam cup 1 sandwich baggie 2 rubber bands 3 popsicle sticks 1 Styrofoam cup 1 sandwich baggie

4. Egg Drop Lab Report Theory: When holding an egg upright by the top and bottom and applying pressure, the egg would be very difficult to break. When building a design, it is important to remember this concept and to place the egg upright in the device, rather than on it’s side. There are two goals at stake: preventing the egg from breaking, and landing the egg within the smallest diameter of the drawn target on the ground. The drawn target has 3 drop zones: a 2 ft. diameter, 4 ft. diameter, and a 6 ft. diameter. The experiment is done outside, so environmental factors must be considered when dropping the egg. In the first trial, the principal at mind was to apply pressure and support to the egg at the same time. Parachuting the device was considered, but quickly dismissed. Environmental factors, such as wind, would most likely prevent the device from landing in the desired target zone if a parachute were used. A plastic bag was cut and used to cushion the top, bottom, and sides of the supported egg. Rubber bands were used to apply the pressure to the egg and add support to hold the egg in the middle of the Styrofoam cup. Popsicle sticks were used to hold the rubber bands in place. In the second trial, a design alteration had to take place. Since one of the goals is to have the design be lightweight with the least number of parts, removing the plastic bag seemed to be the solution. This design still had the egg in the middle of the Styrofoam cup supported by rubber bands. As long as the design landed on the top or bottom, the egg should not break. First Trial Second Trial WITH plastic bag WITHOUT plastic bag Resources: Microsoft Word Engineering Concepts I n Technology  Popsicle Sticks   Popsicle Sticks   Popsicle Sticks  Rubber Bands

5. Egg Drop Lab Report Procedure: Gather all necessary equipment to complete the experiment. First, weigh just the egg and record the weight. Next, weigh the entire device with the egg included. Subtract the weight of the egg from the total weight and record this number on the data sheet under “Weight.” The weight should be in grams. Record the number of materials used to build the device on the data sheet. The sandwich bag around the egg is not to be counted as an item. This item is required to contain any broken pieces of the egg after the drop. Go to experiment site. Measure the distance in inches from the height where the drop will take place to the ground. Record this number, as it will be used in calculating the velocity. Under the drop area, begin drawing the target. There should be 3 drop zones: 2’, 4’, and 6’ diameter. Use a piece of string and measure a 2 ft. piece, 4 ft. piece, and a 6 ft. piece. Use each piece of string to help assist in drawing an accurate circle . Below is an example of how the target should appear: BLUE: 6ft diameter GREEN: 4ft diameter RED: 2ft diameter     NOTE: Colors used to illustrate multiple diameters, not necessary in actual experiment! Engineering Concepts I n Technology Resources: Microsoft Word

6. Egg Drop Lab Report Have one group member drop the device from the drop height and another member use the stopwatch to record the time it takes for the egg to drop to the ground. Begin the stopwatch when the device leaves the team member’s hands and stop the time when the device hits the ground. Record this time (in seconds) on the data sheet under “Time of Drop.” Determine what drop zone the egg landed in and record under “DZ” on the data sheet. Outside of the 6 ft. diameter is considered drop zone 4 6 ft. diameter (BLUE) is drop zone 3 4 ft. diameter (GREEN) is drop zone 2 2 ft. diameter (RED) is drop zone 1 After the drop zone is recorded, determine if the egg broke or not. Record a 1 or 0 under “EIF” on the data sheet. 1 if the egg DID NOT break 0 if the egg broke Calculate the velocity of the egg using the formula: Velocity= distance divided by time. NOTE: Distance from the drop height to the ground was measured in inches. Convert inches to feet by dividing number of inches by 12. Record velocity under “Average Velocity” on data sheet . Resources: Microsoft Word Engineering Concepts I n Technology

7. Egg Drop Lab Report Determine the score using the following equation: Score = [ 30 × (W/31) + 30 × (N/18) + 40 × (DZ/2) ] × EIF W: Weight of device in grams N: Number of parts used DZ: Drop Zone EIF: Egg Integrity Factor (1 or 0) Record score under “Score” on data sheet. The group with the lowest nonzero score wins. Make a design alteration to achieve a better score and repeat steps 1-11 . Data: Resources: Microsoft Word Trial Number Weight (Grams) No. Parts Time of Drop (Seconds) DZ EIF (1 or 0) Average Velocity Score 1 16.2 g 7 0.82 s 3 1 20.22 ft./s 87.35 2 10.1 g 6 0.91 s 2 18.22 ft./s Engineering Concepts I n Technology

8. Egg Drop Lab Report Calculations: If necessary, round numbers to two decimal places. Convert inches to feet with the following equation: drop height in inches -------------------------------- 12 The drop height was 199 inches. This must be converted to feet to calculate the velocity . 199 inches ----------------- 12 Calculate the average velocity with the following equation: distance -------------- Time The average velocity for the first trial was calculated as follows: 16.58 ft. --------------- 0.82 s Resources: Microsoft Word = 16.58 ft . velocity = = 20.22 ft./s Engineering Concepts I n Technology

9. Egg Drop Lab Report Calculate the score with the following equation: Score = [ 30 × (W/31) + 30 × (N/18) + 40 × (DZ/2) ] × EIF W: Weight of device in grams N: Number of parts used DZ: Drop Zone EIF: Egg Integrity Factor (1 or 0) The score for the first trial was calculated as follows: Score = [ 30 × (16.2/ 31) + 30 × (7/ 18) + 40 × ( 3 / 2) ] × 1 ≈ 87.35 Conclusion: The rubber bands provided a constant pressure and helped maintain stability to keep the egg in the centermost portion of the Styrofoam cup . By placing the plastic bag around the egg, this helped cushion the fall, preventing the egg to break. The first trial achieved a design less than 17 g and the egg did not bust. The device landed in the 6 ft. diameter circle . For the required redesign, the key is to land closer to the 2 ft. diameter circle with a lighter design. As long as the egg stays in the correct position in the centermost portion of the Styrofoam cup, the egg should not break. To keep the majority of the design the same, but obtain a better score, a lighter design was the key to success . Removing the plastic bag would achieve a lighter design, but the egg would no longer have the extra cushion. The second trial’s design was less than 10.5 g and landed in the 4 ft. diameter circle. Although the second trial achieved a lighter device with fewer parts and landed closer to the center of the target, without the extra cushion, the egg busted. Resources: Microsoft Word Engineering Concepts I n Technology

10. Problem: Use your imagination and creativity to design and build a class project. The project should be something that is a “stretch” for you and not just more of what you have already done in your academic career. This project was completely open-ended and could be anything. Solution: For this project, I assembled and wired a steampunk lamp and charging station. This rustic black iron pipe lamp and charging station consists of an AC female plug accompanied with two USB ports for device charging. The electrical box has a two gang metal cover with the AC plug and USB port in one side, and a dimmer switch in the other. The lamp bulb resembles an old fashion Edison bulb, making the lamp look antique. The switch controls the bulb only, allowing the light to be ON/OFF and the dimmer portion controls how bright the bulb shines. Due to the dimmer switch only controlling the light bulb, the AC plug and USB ports still work when the switch is in the OFF position. The lamp is mounted on a stained piece of oak by a ¾ inch floor flange and stands upright by various black iron pipe pieces connected together. Resources: AutoCAD 2014 Portfolio Preparation Steampunk Station

11. Steampunk Station Resources: AutoCAD 2014 2D Computer-Aided Design Electrical Junction Box AutoCAD Sketch Internal Wiring AutoCAD Sketch

12. Floor Plan Problem: I was given a two-dimensional drawing of a house and a floor plan with dimensions labeled and had to recreate the drawing exactly to scale. Solution: I used the given dimensions of the two-dimensional drawing and my knowledge of the AutoCAD software to complete the project. Resources: AutoCAD 2014 2D Computer-Aided Design

13. Blocks- Homeaddition Problem: I was given a two-dimensional drawing of a house and a floor plan with dimensions labeled and had to recreate the drawing exactly to scale . I had to incorporate multiple blocks and incorporate them into my drawing. Solution: I used the given dimensions of the two-dimensional drawing and my knowledge of the AutoCAD software to complete the project . I added various blocks to the floor plan to add furniture for a living room and bedroom as well as blocks to create a bathroom. Resources: AutoCAD 2014 2D Computer-Aided Design

14. Drawing Set 2D Computer-Aided Design Resources: AutoCAD 2014 Problem: Use your previous “Blocks-Home addition” and “Duplex Receptacle” drawing and make necessary alterations to complete this drawing. Solution: I used the given requirements and made alterations to the drawings. I changed various lineweights, added a North symbol by using the Design Center, added various hatch patterns, and utilized my knowledge of the AutoCAD software to create multiple scales and viewports.

15. Drawing Set 2D Computer-Aided Design Resources: AutoCAD 2014

16. duplex receptacle Problem: I was given a two-dimensional drawing of a duplex receptacle with dimensions labeled and had to recreate the drawing exactly to scale . Requirements included drawing objects on the appropriate layer and utilizing different viewports and scales to show the drawings details. Solution: I used the given dimensions of the two-dimensional drawing and my knowledge of the AutoCAD software to complete the project . I utilized appropriate layers throughout the drawing and multiple viewports. The drawing is visible on two separate viewports to show the details of the drawings. The duplex receptacle at a 1’-0”=1’-0” scale and the socket at a 2’-0”=1’0” scale for better visuals. Resources: AutoCAD 2014 2D Computer-Aided Design

17. Home Alarm System Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint Problem: This project was completely open-ended. My lab partner, Derek, and I had to create a project that incorporated required project elements into the Arduino operating system. Solution: Derek and I created the Home Alarm System, which would use required project elements to sound an alarm when an intruder was detected. An ultrasonic sonar was used to detect an intruder’s movement. If movement was detected, a buzzer was used to sound an alert. Two LED lights, one red and one green, were used to inform a person if the alarm was armed (RED) or disarmed (GREEN). Introduction to Microcontrollers Lab Partner: Derek Hayes This photo shows the LCD screen wired on the testing breadboard prior to being installed in the model home. The LCD screen displays the alarm state on the first line and whether or not an intruder is detected on the second line.

18. Home Alarm System Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint Introduction to Microcontrollers This photo shows the complete wiring required for the Home Alarm System. We completed the wiring and alarm testing on a breadboard first to easily test the alarm and troubleshoot if necessary. Once the alarm was tested and passed all tests, we then moved the system to a model home for better illustration of the alarm system .

19. Home Alarm System Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint We mounted the push buttons on the horizontal plane isolated from the Arduino and wiring breadboard to easily press the buttons without damaging the walls or wiring inside the walls. We mounted the Arduino and wiring breadboard to the vertical outside wall as shown. The pushbuttons required a Schmitt Trigger Inverter for debouncing purposes. In addition to the SN7414N IC chip, a 4700-pF capacitor was also added. With these additions to the pushbuttons, the in-home lighting and/or the alarm state would change to the opposite state with one simple push of the button. Labeled push buttons for easy interpretation

20. Home Alarm System Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint The ultrasonic sensor and the LCD screen are mounted into the wall. This strategic sonar placement along with coding specifications prevented the floor, walls, and home furniture from tripping the sensor, but detected an intruder immediately after motion is detected. LCD Screen Servomotor Ultrasonic Sensor

21. Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint Home Alarm System The photo below shows the front view of the model home with the LED alarm state indicator lights mounted right above the door. Red: Alarm ON Green: Alarm OFF The above photo is an up-close view of the LCD screen mounted into the wall. The LCD screen displays information about the system on two lines. Line 1: Alarm State (ON/OFF) Line 2: Intruder State (Intruder/No Intruder)

22. Home Alarm System Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint As you can see, we have mounted 3 white LEDs classified as our in-home lighting. When the alarm is on, and an intruder is detected, the in-home lights will turn on, the buzzer will sound, and the servomotor will also begin. The buzzer is located above the bed and the servomotor is next to the dresser. Buzzer Servomotor  Home Lighting  Home Lighting

23. Home Alarm System Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint This overhead view shows all t he components in this home alarm system including the LCD s creen, ultrasonic sensor, alarm indicator lights, buzzer, home lighting fixtures, and the servomotor.

24. We ran all the wires between the two walls as you can see in this photo. This eliminated clutter on the inside of the model home and more of a home look on the outside without a bunch of wires taped everywhere. The LCD screen had 16 wires coming off the back. For the LCD screen to work correctly, the wires need to be properly connected to power and ground, as well as connected to the proper digital pins outlined in the code. To keep the wires coming off the LCD screen to the Arduino organized, we color coded the wires and utilized electrical tape to group the wires into different categories, i.e. ground, power, digital pins. Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint Home Alarm System

25. #include " pitches.h " #include < Servo.h > #include < LiquidCrystal.h > / / Load Liquid Crystal Library LiquidCrystal LCD(10, 12, 4, 5, 6, 7); / / Create Liquid Crystal Object called LCD const int HomePinButton = 0; / / ON/OFF In-Home Lighting const int AlarmPinButton = 0; / / Arm/Disarm Light // char HomePinLed [2] = "A0"; / / In-Home Lighting int HomeiPin = 2; / / Home Interrupt Pin int AlarmiPin = 3; / / Alarm Interrupt Pin // char RedPinLed [2] = "A1"; / / Alarm ON Light // char GreenPinLed [2] = "A2"; / / Alarm OFF Light   int trigPin = 13; / / Sensor Trip pin connected to digital pin 13 int echoPin = 11; / / Sensor Echo pin connected to digital pin 11 int myCounter = 0; / / Declare your variable myCounter and set to 0 int servoControlPin = 6; / / Servo control line is connected to pin 6 float pingTime ; / / Time for ping to travel from sensor to target and return   int var = 0; / / Switch Case variable int sense = 0;   int UpDown = 0; int BuzzCount = 0;   int servoPin = 9; / / Servo control on digital pin 9 Servo servo;   volatile int AlarmState = LOW; volatile int HomeState = LOW ; Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint Home Alarm System Arduino Code

26. void setup() { Serial.begin (9600); pinMode ( trigPin , OUTPUT); pinMode ( echoPin , INPUT);   LCD.begin (16,2); / / Tell Arduino to start your 16 column 2 row LCD LCD.setCursor (0,0); / / Set LCD cursor to column 0, row 0 pinMode (A0, OUTPUT); / / In-Home Lighting LED Pin digitalWrite (A0, HIGH); pinMode ( HomeiPin , INPUT); / / In-Home Lighting Interrupt Pin attachInterrupt ( digitalPinToInterrupt ( HomeiPin ), home, FALLING); / / Interrupt Home Pin on falling edge pinMode (A1, OUTPUT); / / Alarm ON LED Pin digitalWrite (A1, HIGH); pinMode (A2, OUTPUT); / / Alarm OFF LED Pin digitalWrite (A2, HIGH); pinMode ( AlarmiPin , INPUT); / / Alarm Interrupt Pin attachInterrupt ( digitalPinToInterrupt ( AlarmiPin ), alarm, FALLING); / / Interrupt Alarm Pin on falling edge   servo.attach ( servoPin ); } Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint Home Alarm System Arduino Code

27. void loop() { digitalWrite (A1, AlarmState ); digitalWrite (A2, ! AlarmState );   digitalWrite ( trigPin , LOW); / / Set trigPin LOW delayMicroseconds (2000); / / Let signal settle digitalWrite ( trigPin , HIGH); // Set trigPin HIGH delayMicroseconds (15); / / Delay in HIGH state digitalWrite ( trigPin , LOW); / / Ping has now been sent delayMicroseconds (10); / / Delay in LOW state   pingTime = pulseIn ( echoPin , HIGH) ; / / pingTime is presented in microseconds   if( AlarmState == LOW && pingTime > 1000 ) / / Case 1: Alarm OFF & No Intruder { var = 1 ; sense = 0; } if( AlarmState == HIGH && pingTime > 1000 ) / / Case 2: Alarm ON & No Intruder { var = 2 + 2*sense ; } if( AlarmState == LOW && pingTime < 1000) / / Case 3: Alarm OFF & Intruder var = 3 ; if( AlarmState == HIGH && pingTime < 1000) / / Case 4: Alarm ON & Intruder { var = 4; sense = 1; } Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint Home Alarm System Arduino Code

28. switch ( var ) { case 1: noTone (8); / / No tone on pin 8 digitalWrite (A0, HomeState ); LCD.setCursor (0,0); / / Set LCD cursor to column 0, row 0 LCD.print (" "); LCD.setCursor (0,0); / / Set LCD cursor to column 0, row 0 LCD.print ("Alarm OFF.") ; / / LCD reads Alarm OFF on first line LCD.setCursor (0,1); / / Set LCD cursor to column 0, row 1 LCD.print (" "); LCD.setCursor (0,1); / / Set LCD cursor to column 0, row 1 LCD.print ("No intruder.") ; // LCD reads No Intruder on second line delay(50) ; / / Delay for 50 microseconds break;   case 2: LCD.setCursor (0,0); / / Set LCD cursor to column 0, row 0 LCD.print (" "); LCD.setCursor (0,0); / / Set LCD cursor to column 0, row 0 LCD.print ("Alarm ON.") ; / / LCD reads Alarm ON on first line LCD.setCursor (0,1); / / Set LCD cursor to column 0, row 1 LCD.print (" "); LCD.setCursor (0,1); / / Set LCD cursor to column 0, row 1 LCD.print ("No intruder.") ; / / LCD reads No Intruder on second line delay(50) ; / / Delay for 50 microseconds break ; Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint Home Alarm System Arduino Code

29. case 3: noTone (8); / / No tone on pin 8 LCD.setCursor (0,0); / / Set LCD cursor column 0, row 0 LCD.print (" "); LCD.setCursor (0,0); / / Set LCD cursor to column 0, row 0 LCD.print ("Alarm OFF.") ; / / LCD reads Alarm OFF on first line LCD.setCursor (0,1); / / Set LCD cursor column 0, row 1 LCD.print (" "); LCD.setCursor (0,1); / / Set cursor to first column of second row LCD.print ("Intruder!!!") ; // LCD reads Intruder on second line delay(50) ; / / Delay for 50 microseconds break; case 4: if( UpDown == 0) { tone(8, 139); / / Tone pin 8. Note 139. BuzzCount ++; } else { noTone (8); / / No tone on pin 8 BuzzCount --; } if( BuzzCount >= 10) UpDown = 1; if( BuzzCount <= 0) UpDown = ; Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino, Microsoft PowerPoint Home Alarm System Arduino Code

30. digitalWrite (A0, HIGH); servo.write ( BuzzCount * 18);   LCD.setCursor (0,0); / / Set LCD cursor to column 0, row 0 LCD.print (" "); LCD.setCursor (0,0); / / Set LCD cursor column 0, row 0 LCD.print ("Alarm ON.") ; // LCD reads Alarm ON on first line LCD.setCursor (0,1); / / Set LCD cursor column 0, row 1 LCD.print (" "); LCD.setCursor (0,1); / / Set cursor to column 0, row 1 LCD.print ("Intruder!!!") ; // LCD reads Intruder on second line delay(50) ; // Delay for 50 microseconds break; } } void home() { HomeState = ! HomeState ; / / (! signifies opposite) digitalWrite (A0, HomeState ); }   void alarm() { AlarmState = ! AlarmState ; // (! signifies opposite) } Introduction to Microcontrollers Resources: Arduino , Microsoft PowerPoint Home Alarm System Arduino Code