Parkinson disease Physiology. MS zoology

Parkinson disease Physiology
Disease related to Ataxia

1. One line summary: “Thinking people trapped in bodies they can not control “

2. Parkinson’sDiseases(PD)
2015
6.2 million patients around the world with 1174,000 deaths

3. Parkinson’s Diseases (PD)
2.5 X more common in male than female
No family history in most of cases
Brain infection, stroke, tumor, toxins can also trigger PD
Pesticide exposure

4. Parkinson’s Diseases (PD)
*Patientsoftendisplaydementiaalthoughitisnottypically
AssociatedwithPD

5. Tremor

6. Bradykinesia

7. Postural instability

8. Dementia

9. Parkinson’s Diseases (PD)

10. Parkinson’s Diseases (PD)
It takes approximately 20 years from first symptoms till death

11. Basal Ganglia
substantia nigra neuron
are most effected.
Substance black due to accumulation
of
Neuromalanin
Neuroprotective chemical that chelate
Metals and xenobiotics

12. Parkinson’s Diseases (PD)

13. Lewy Bodies
•Firstreportedin1912byGermanpathologist“Lewy”.
•Lewybodiesareabnormalaggregationsofproteinsthatdevelopinsidenerve
cellscontributingtoPD.
•Associatedwithdementia.
•Appearassphericalmassesthatdisplaceothercellcomponents.
•Commoninbrainstemandcortex(substantianigra).
•Composedofalpha-synucleinfibrils(Acoomonpresynapticmembrane
Componentthataggregatesunderunknownpathologicalconditions
toforminsolublefibrilsthatarecalledLewybodies).

14. Genetics of PD
•Atleast17autosomaldominantandautosomalrecessivegenemutationshave
beenimplicatedinthedevelopmentofPD.
•SNCAgenemutationsareimportantinPDbecausetheproteinwhichthisgene
encodes,alpha-synuclein,isthemaincomponentoftheLewybodiesthat
accumulateinthebrainsofpeoplewithPD
•SeveralParkinson-relatedgenesareinvolvedinthefunctionoflysosomes,
•organellesthatdigestcellularwasteproducts.

15. Relationship between genes and
their effect size

16. Dopaminergic neurons

17. Mitochondria of neurons

18. Parkinson’s Diseases (PD)

19. Parkinson’s Diseases (PD)

20. Parkinson’s Diseases (PD)
Controversial methods: high frequency electrical stimulation may generate lesions in brain
Side effects: cognitive, speech and gait problems