Part ii articulators

mean value articulators hanu and denar

1. ARTICULATORS - ii BHUVANESH KUMAR.D.V

2. COMMONLY USED ARTICULATORS Mean value Hanau Artex

3. BASIC PARTS OF AN ARTICULATOR Upper member Lower member Mounting plates Condylar analogues Condylar guidance Incisal guide pin Incisal guide table

4. UPPER MEMBER Represents maxilla LOWER MEMBER Represents mandible MOUNTING PLATES Casts are connected

5. CONDYLAR GUIDANCE Represents slopes of articular eminance . Can be adjusted according to the records obtained from the patient. If sloped antero-posteriorly – horizontal guidance. If sloped laterally- lateral guidance.

6. CONDYLAR ANALOGUES/ELEMENTS Spherical in shape Represents condyle . If attached to lower member- ARCON If attached to upper member- NONARCON

7. • The term “ Arcon ” was derived by Bergstrom from the words Ar - Articulator & Con – Condyle • This articulator resembles the TMJ . • The Condylar Element / analogue / sphere attached to – Lower Member (Movable) • The Condylar Guidance ( Glenoid Fossa) attached to – Upper / Cranial Member (immovable) • Advantage – The Face Bow transfer, occlusal plane, and relationship of the opposing casts are preserved when the articulator is opened and closed. • Examples – Whipmix , 8500 ( DR. Charles Stuart, 1963) – Hanau Arcon – Dentatus , ARA – Ney articulator - (De Pietro , 1960) – Tele Dyne articulator - (Richard Beu ,1975 A R C O N

8. • This articulator is the reverse of the TMJ • The Condylar Element / analogue / sphere àattached to – Upper Member (Movable ) • The Condylar Guidance ( Glenoid Fossa) à attached to – Lower Member (immovable) • Examples – Hanau , 96h20 – Hanau, University – Gysi , adjustable – Trubyte articulator - (GYSI, 1926) – Dentatus , ARL – Hanau, Kinoscope – House, Rotary Grinder N O N A R C O N

9. In an arcon articulator, the condylar spheres are attached to the lower component of the articulator , and the mechanical fossae are attached to the upper member of the instrument . Thus, the arcon articulator is anatomically “correct ,” which makes understanding of mandibular movements easier, as opposed to the nonarcon articulator . The angulation of the mechanical fossae of an arcon instrument is fixed in relation to the occlusal plane of the maxillary cast; in the nonarcon design, it is fixed in relation to the occlusal plane of the mandibular cast.

10. Articulators.  A  and  C  show an arcon articulator;  B  and  D  show a nonarcon articulator. An advantage of the arcon design is that the condylar inclination of the mechanical fossae is at a fixed angle to the maxillary occlusal plane. With the nonarcon design, the angle changes as the articulator is opened, which can lead to errors when a protrusive record is being used to program the articulator .

11. INSICAL GUIDE PIN:- Acts as an anterior vertical stop & maintains the vertical dimension. Can be flat or rounded. INCISAL GUIDE TABLE

12. MEAN VALUE ARTICULATOR so called because it has 3 fixed mean values intercondylar distance- 100–110mm   { 4 INCH } condylar guidance- 33degrees incisal guidance- 9-12degrees Based on Bonwill’s equilateral triangle theory

13. PARTS:- upper member lower member insical guide table vertical rod / incisal pin Insical guide pin condylar guidance

14. Upper member :- Triangular frame Two Condylar elements Vertical Rod with a thumb screw.

15. Lower Member :- L Shaped frame with horizontal and vertical arm . Horizontal arm is triangular and its apex contains incisal guide table . Vertical arm is rectangular containing condylar guidance slot at upper portion.

16. Incisal guide table :- very short cylinder, concave upper surface. Vertical Rod or Incisal Pin :- keep fixed distance between the upper & lower member at anterior end. pointed tip - rest on the center

17. Incisal guide pin :- anterior reference point. The incisal edge of the maxillar incisors at the mid line of the occlusal rim should touch the tip of incisal pin during articulation.

18. Condylar guidance Represent by a slot (condylar track) Condylar element of upper member passes through this track. A spring is mounted within this track to establish the condylar element

19. Mean value articulator Upper member can be moved upward and backward . The condyles are on the upper member - nonarcon Condylar inclination of 30 degrees on both side . Anterior part is supported by the incisal guide rod above and incisal guide table below with 10 to 15 inclination.

20. Advantages: Simple to use. Can be used for individual posterior restorations and short span (three to four units) posterior bridges or for individual anterior restorations and short span anterior bridges with a minimal vertical and horizontal overlap

21. It does not accept or accepts most of the average face bow transfer (Hanau-mate) Disadvantage: Most of these articulators do not accept face-bow record . The condylar path moves to a fixed angle and it is successful only in patients whose condylar angle approximates that of the articulator . No lateral movements

22. HANAU ARTICULATORS

23. HANAU MODEL H (NON - ARCON TYPE ) Were first introduced by Rudolf Hanau in 1923. Intercondylar distance was fixed at 110 mm . HCG could be adjusted from – 40° to + 80° using protrusive records. LCG could be adjusted from 0° to 20° using the Hanau’s formula. The derivative for this equation are not known Accepts a face bow transfer.

24. Hanau model h articulator Rudolf Hanau ( 1923 )

25. Mathematical study of Hanau Model H Lawrence W. Weinberg : Evaluation of Basic Articulators and their concepts, J Prosthet dent 1963 ; 13 : 645 – 663.

26. Average anatomic location of hinge axis

27. An elevation of the anterior part of facebow decreases the protrusive condylar reading The commonly used arbitrary anterior points of reference can change the vertical height of facebow mounting by +/- 16mm Arbitrary location of anterior point of reference

28. Arbitrary location of anterior point of reference

29. Protrusive cuspal inclines: Not affected Any change in anteroposterior inclination compensates for the change in the condylar inclination Effect of change in condylar inclination on occlusion

30. Working cusp inclines: Working condylar motion is dependent on the balancing condylar motion Difference of 10 degrees produces a change of approximately 1.3 degrees Effect of change in condylar inclination on occlusion

31. Balancing cusp inclines: Hypothetical patient has 40 degree balancing cusp inclines 9 degrees of protrusive reading reduction caused due to elevation of facebow , decreases the second molar balancing cusp inclination to 35.5 degrees This calculates to 0.2mm for a 3mm cusp Effect of change in condylar inclination on occlusion

32. Effect of change in condylar inclination on occlusion

33. Effect of change in condylar inclination on occlusion Straight condylar path

34. Fischer angle Effect of change in condylar inclination on occlusion

35. Working condylar movement: Effect of change in condylar inclination on occlusion

36. On this basis, a quantitative comparison between articulators can be made. The total error calculated need not necessarily be expected with the clinical use of the instrument. The errors were purposely made maximum and additive . However, in a practical situation, many of the errors produced may tend to cancel out each other.

37. Summary of Weinberg Suggestings have been made for adapting the Hanau Model H articulator for fixed restorative prosthesis. However, the shortcomings of the instrument must be understood. A more adjustable instrument would seem to be indicated in order to reduce the degree of occlusal correction necessary to harmonize biologic movement with the occlusion produced on the articulator. On the basis of the mathematical study, the instrument is of practical value and within the accuracy of the records used for complete denture prosthesis .

38. HANAU model M Kinoscope In 1923 HANAU developed another research model Hanau model M Kinoscope . This had double condylar posts on each side. The inner posts serve two purposes. They can be adjusted for HCG and can be moved inwards or outwards to vary the ICD. The Bennett angle can be adjusted in the outer posts by turning an off set cone .

39. HANAU model M Kinoscope

40. HANAU model M Kinoscope

41. HANAU model M Kinoscope

42. HANAU H2 ( MODEL 96 ) This model was developed in 1958 . Non Arcon type with condylar guides in the lower member. Has a fixed ICD of 110 mm . The original features of model H have been retained with the addition of auditory pins . These articulators don’t provide a facility for interchangeability. This can accept four types of face bow transfers. ( facia type, ear piece type, twirl bow, and adjustable axis or kinematic face bow) The lateral side shift was increased from 0 – 30 degrees.

43. HANAU H2 ( MODEL 96 )

44. Model H2-X Model H2-O Model H2-PR HANAU H2 ( MODEL 96 )

45. Some other models of the H2 series are: (1) Model H2-0 , with orbital indicator attachment; (2) Model H2-X , with extendable condylar shafts; and (3) Model H2-PR , with calibrated adjustments to protrude or retrude the condylar balls up to 3 mm. The Model H2-XPR is a combination of the models listed.

46. HANAU H2 ARCON (Model 158 ) This was introduced in 1977. The mechanical features are quite similar to 96 H2 but this is arcon in nature. Special facebow is available for this model. One added feature is that it can be inverted for mandibular mounting without the need of a stand. An additional pantacrylic incisal guide table available .

47. HANAU H2 ARCON (Model 158 )

48. HANAU radial shift( Model 166 ) First introduced in 1981 . Arcon type with fixed ICD of 110 mm . Upper member can be removed for waxing. The condylar guidance is designed to incorporate radial shift adjustment and allows up to 3mm of ISS with adjustable PSS of 0° to 60°. The condylar guidance is adjustable horizontally and has a curved superior wall with 0.75 inch radius.

49. HANAU radial shift( Model 166 )

50. HANAU 130 UNIVERSITY SERIES ( models 21 ) Arcon type Intercondylar width adjustment from 94-150mm . Lateral condylar angle is adjustable from 0 to 40 degrees. Upper member may be separated from the lower member by loosening a retention lock.

51. Non- arcon articulator used for restoration of natural teeth. Upper and lower members can be separated HANAU 130 UNIVERSITY SERIES ( model 22 )

52. Arcon articulator. Suggested for standard fixed and removable partial situations. Condylar inclination adjustment of 0-60 degrees, lateral adjustment of 0-40 degrees. HANAU 130 UNIVERSITY SERIES ( model 28 )

53. Retrusive – Protrusive condylar adjustment . Arcon type HANAU 130 UNIVERSITY SERIES ( model 30 )

54. HANAU 130 UNIVERSITY SERIES

55. HANAU 130 UNIVERSITY SERIES

56. HANAU MATE – 165 ( Average Articulator ) Fixed intercondylar width of 110mm . 30 degrees fixed horizontal condylar inclination. 15 degrees fixed progressive side shift angle (Bennett). 10 degrees protrusive and lateral incisal guide table. Advantages : Upper frame can be separated by loosening two locks. Receives most average face bows. Excellent lingual visibility.

57. HANAU MATE – 165 ( Average Articulator )

58. HANAU MODULAR SERIES This is a system with a series of interchangeable guidance assemblies. The basic frames of the articulator are produced in two forms , one with a fixed intercondylar width at 110 mm and adjustable version with adjustable intercondylar width at 100 ,110, 125 and 140 mm.

59. HANAU MODULAR SERIES RADIAL SHIFT: This has the ¾ inch radius superior wall and an adjustable medial wall from 0 to 3 mm in a curvilinear precurrent fashion or may be used as a progressive shift from 0 to 30 degrees. ADJUSTABLE PROTRUSIVE: This has the same capability as the adjustable Bennett plus an adjustment of the posterior stop from 0 to 6 mm in protrusion.

60. HANAU MODULAR SERIES PROGRAMMED: This model has a ¾ inch radius superior wall and a 1mm radius side shift which meets curved medial wall having an 11 cm curve that closely approaches the path obtained in a graphic tracing instrument.

61. HANAU MODULAR SERIES

62. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) These are the newest hanau articulators. These are arcon in nature and have similar features . The only difference is that the upper and the lower members can be separated in model 184 due to open condylar track . The design results in most openness among all the hanau models. The HCG is adjustable from – 20° to + 60°. The Bennett side shift ( PSS ) is adjustable from 0° to 30°

63. HANAU WIDE VUE

64. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 184 )

65. condylar guidance The condylar guidances are the control centers of the articulator and they adjustably assimilate the multiple function of the glenoid fossa . HANAU WIDE VUE

66. condylar guidance {horizontal} The condylar track can be inclined on the horizontal transverse axis from 0° to + 60° or to a -20°. These inclinations are termed the protrusive inclinations and simulate the patients superior wall of the fossa. HANAU WIDE VUE

67. condylar guidance HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

68. lateral condylar guidance The condylar track may be adjusted on a vertical axis from a 0° to 30°. This angle is termed the progressive Bennett angle and corresponds to the medial wall of the patients fossa. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

69. condylar guidance HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

70. condylar track Closed condylar guidance track rotates in a enclosed housing which stops the condylar element, preventing the accidental disengagement of the upper member. HANAU WIDE VUE

71. closed condylar track HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

72. condylar track Open condylar guidance track has a condyle retainer which controls the end of the condylar track. Pushing the retainer inward will release a retention ball, fully opening the track and allowing rapid removal of upper member .pushing it outward will reengage the retention ball and block the track, preventing its accidental removal. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

73. open condylar track HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

74. centric lock This is to limit the anterior movement of the condylar element . Engagement of the centric lock depresses a centric pin, causing it to arrest the condylar element at the centric position , the point from where the protrusive and Bennett angles emanate. When locked the upper member is restricted to an opening and closing movement only. Releasing the centric lock two full turns will disengage the centric pin and return the elements freedom of movement on the condylar track. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

75. centric lock HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

76. condylar shafts Condylar shafts adjustably slide in the wings of the lower member. They have been factory fixed by set screws and hold the condylar elements.

77. resilient bumper This will protectively stop the upper member and rest against the wings of the lower member when fully opening the articulator.

78. The incisal pin serves as a forward control of the articulator. It maintains a vertical stop and provides a stylus contact for excursive movements. Midline groove about 1 inch from the spherical tip . Five additional lines in mm on each side for altering the VD. dual end incisal pin – spherical & chisel

79. Two annular grooves on the Incisal Pin at 37 ( Bonwill’s theory ) and 54 mm below the Frankfort Horizontal Plane. Arbitrary vertical landmarks – alignment of the incisal edge of the maxillary centrals when making a Facebow transfer. Third point of stability This reference line is based on the research study by Frank R. Lauciello,D.D.S ., and Marc Appelbaum , D.D.S., “Anatomic Comparison to Arbitrary Reference Notch on Hanau ™ Articulators ,” Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, December 1978, Volume 40, Number 6

80. dual end incisal pin Midline groove is aligned with top edge of the upper member. It is secured by thumbscrew against the flattened side of the pin .

81. Dual end- spherical & chisel tip. Spherical tip – to fabricate Customized acrylic anterior guide tables Chisel tip - to provides a stylus contact with incisal table during various excursive movements.

82. adjustable incisal guide This provides an independent adjustment of anterior guidance . The incisal guide can rotate antero -posteriorly from a horizontal 0° to a 60° positive inclination of protrusion which is then secured by a small locknut. The central guiding table is 5.56mm wide and forms the inclined surface for the protrusive guidance of the incisal pin. Separately adjustable lateral wings elevate by thumbscrews from 0° horizontal to 45° incline

83. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) ( parts ) adjustable incisal guide

84. orbital indicator represents the patient’s infra- orbitale notch anterior reference landmark of the Frankfort Horizontal Plane. when used with an orbitale pointer on a facebow , it provides an anatomical vertical orientation for upper arch .

85. Mounting plates To attach upper and lower casts to upper and lower members of articulator. Has elongated luting slots – for a secure adherence of gypsum mounting. Center domed brass insert which is internally threaded for attachment to upper and lower members .

86. ARTICULATOR PREPARATION Adjust the protrusive inclination {HCI} of both Condylar Guidances to 30 degrees and tighten the Thumbnuts. Adjust the Bennett Angles {LCG} of both Condylar Guidances at 30 degrees and tighten their thumbnuts.   Adjust the Incisal Pin to align the mid-line calibration to the top edge of the Upper Member.  Adjust the Incisal Guide to a “ zero ” degree and tighten the small Locknut. Slide the Platform to align the Incisal Pin contact over the “zero” indicating line on Guidance and tighten Platform Lockscrew .

87. MOUNTING PROCEDURE Maxillary cast is attached to the articulator using the orientation jaw relation record. Procedure of transferring the orientation jaw relation to the articulator is called face-bow transfer.

88. Ear piece - attached to the roll pin of the articulator. Transfers the posterior reference point of the face-bow to the articulator. Anterior reference point - positioned by making the orbital indicator contact the orbital pointer of the face-bow. A pivot stand attached to the lower member - helps to prevent vertical displacement of the occlusal rim during articulation.

89. Centric lock is engaged . Later tentative jaw relations is carried out according which the mandibular cast with occlusal rim is articulated . Then tracers are attached such that central bearing plate to lower and central bearing pointer to upper rim and tracings was carried out.

90. And also centric and protrusive records are made. Now mandibular cast Is dearticulated . Now by placing the centric interocclusal records on mandibular rim, again mandibular cast is articulated in exact centric relation with the maxilla.

91. PROGRAMMING THE ARTICULATOR Before teeth can be arranged, the articulator must be programmed or customized to the individual patient. The programmed articulator is vital to plan an occlusion which is both efficient and at the same time reduces stresses transmitted to the underlying tissues and temporomandibular joints.

92. PROGRAMMING THE CONDYLAR GUIDANCES HORIZONTAL CONDYLAR GUIDANCE OR INCLINATION USING PROTRUSSIVE INTEROCCLUSAL CHECK RECORDS A protrusive inter occlusal record (ask the patient to protrude the mandible around 6mm ) is made by using bite registration material. The condylar lock nuts on articulator are loosened and the occlusal rims with record is placed on the articulator .

93. The condylar inclinations are adjusted until the upper and lower occlusal rim seat firmly and evenly in the protrusive record. The degree of inclination is noted and recorded on the mounting plaster. The condylar inclination lock nuts are then secured .

94. LATERAL CONDYLAR GUIDANCE INCLINATION Using lateral interocclusal records or by Using Hanau’s formula L=H/8+12.

95. PROGRAMMING INCISAL GUIDANCE:- The incisal guide table has a horizontal as well as lateral adjustment. Both are set to the minimum required for the esthetic needs of the anterior teeth.

96. Hanau wide VUE II articulator The only difference between Hanau wide vue & vue II that the wide vue II has an open condylar track. The closed condylar track does not allow the upper member to be removed, Whereas the open condylar track allow the upper member to be removed for waxing .

97. articulator preparation

98. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) mounting of casts

99. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) adjustment of horizontal condylar guidance

100. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) adjustment of lateral condylar guidance

101. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) adjustment of lateral condylar guidance

102. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) adjustment of incisal guide

103. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) adjustment of incisal guide

104. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) adjustment of incisal guide

105. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) Additional options Flat panta acrylic incisal guide table

106. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) Additional options Adjustable foot incisal pin.

107. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) Additional options Broadrick flag

108. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 ) Additional options long centric adjustable incisal guide table

109. Two annular grooves on the Incisal Pin at 37 and 54 mm below the Frankfort Horizontal Plane. Arbitrary vertical landmarks – alignment of the incisal edge of the maxillary centrals when making a Facebow transfer. Third point of stability

110. ADJUSTABLE INCISAL GUIDE TABLE:- provides adjustment of anterior guidance. Adjustable both in sagittal & frontal planes. Sagittal - horizontal 0º to 60º positive inclination of protrusion by the small Locknut. lateral wings -to 0º to 45º incline by a Thumbnut .

111. Designed by Dr. Charles Stuart in 1963 . It is an arcon articulator. The upper & lower member are mechanically attached by means of a spring latch assembly. WHIP-MIX ARTICULATOR