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1. A SEMINAR ON Plastic to-Fuel Recycling Process Department of Mechanical Engineering GIFT Autonomous, Bhubaneswar Presented By Name: partha sarathi rout Regd. No. :2301298717 Semester :5th Guided By :Dr.Amar Kumar Das 1

2. Content Background Introduction Types of plastic Scope (National And International) Working Principle Advantage and Disadvantage Applications Reference 2

3. Types of plastic Thermoplastics  Thermosets 3

4. Scope (National And International) The world generates ~400 million tons of plastic waste annually . Only a small portion (~9%) is recycled traditionally. 4 GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar

5. INTRODUCTION Plastic waste is one of the biggest global environmental problems Pyrolysis: Most common, produces liquid fuel. Plastic heated in the absence of oxygen at ~300–500°C. GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar 5

6. OBJECTIVE   To investigate the optimal temperature and blend ratio for co-pyrolysis of kaneer seed and waste plastics. To analyze the yield and composition of pyrolysis products (oil, gas, char). To perform physicochemical characterization of the pyrolysis oil (e.g., density, viscosity, calorific value, flash point). To conduct elemental and compositional analysis using techniques such as GC-MS, FTIR, and TGA. GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar 6

7. MATERIAL & METHODOLOGY Reactor : In co-pyrolysis, reactors play a crucial role in processing two or more feedstock materials simultaneously to produce upgraded bio-oil or other valuable products. Blast furnace: A blast Furnace is used in co-pyrolysis serves as a high-temperature, decompose two or more feedstocks simultaneously—typically biomass and plastic waste—in the absence of oxygen, producing liquid (oil), gaseous, and solid (char) products. Digital Controller : A Digital controller is Maintains precise reactor temperature during pyrolysis (typically 400–600°C),Controls heating rate and set-point temperature using PID algorithms. thermocouples GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar 7 (Experimental Set up)

8. GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar 8 Cork: it used to transfer the oil reactor pipe to condenser. Gasket: Provides an airtight seal between reactor components to prevent gas leakage, Maintains a completely oxygen-free (inert) environment essential for pyrolysis. Condenser: Cools and condenses volatile vapors produced during pyrolysis into liquid oil Motor: To supply water from container to condenser or vice-versa Cotton: It is use to does no enter air into the blast Furnace. Flask: To store the oil.

9. Methodology . GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar 9 In this research, lignocelluloses biomass waste materials Kaneer Seeds and medical waste plastics (polypropylene) are used as co-feeds for co-pyrolysis process to produce oil. Kaneer Seeds was collected from the Village Area , while waste plastics (PP) were collected from local hospitals of Bhubaneswar.  The waste plastics were cleaned and shredded into smaller pieces of around 1-2 mm size. The seeds of Kaneer Seeds was rinsed with water, sun-dried for four to five days, and then chopped into powder form and stored in an airtight container to prevent moisture absorption.

10. GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar 10 Waste plastic (PP) Kaneer Seeds Crushed Kaneer Seeds Diagram

11. Working Principle The basic principle is: 👉 Convert long-chain plastic polymers into shorter hydrocarbon molecules (fuels) using heat, in the absence of oxygen. This is usually done through a process called Pyrolysis . Step-by-Step Working Principle Collection & Sorting Waste plastics are collected. Contaminants (PVC, PET, metals, dirt) are removed. Shredding & Drying Plastics are cut into small pieces for uniform heating. Moisture is removed. 11

12. 3.Heating (Pyrolysis Process) The plastic is heated at 300–500°C in the absence of oxygen . This prevents burning and instead breaks polymers into smaller molecules. 4.Vapor Formation The heated plastic decomposes into hydrocarbon vapors (gases). 5.Condensation Vapors are cooled → converted into liquid oil/fuel . 6.By-products Liquid fuel (diesel, petrol, kerosene) – main product. Syngas (uncondensed gases) – used to power the system. Solid char/residue – can be used in construction or safely disposed 12

13. Result and Discussion: GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar 13 Property Value Obtained Comparison (Diesel) Density (g/cm³) 0.86 – 0.92 ~0.84 Viscosity (cSt) 2.5 – 4.8 ~3.5 Flash Point (°C) 38 – 60 ~52 Calorific Value (MJ/kg) 32 – 39 ~42 pH Slightly acidic (~5.5) Neutral

14. Advantages:- GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar 14 Waste Management Solution Renewable Energy Generation Synergistic Co-Pyrolysis Economic Benefits Energy Recovery from Waste Supports Circular Economy Dis-advantages:- Quality Variation of Feedstock High Energy Requirement Need for Oil Upgradation Emission and Safety Concerns Equipment and Maintenance Issues Handling of Kaneer Seed

15. Conclusion: GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar 15 The present study successfully demonstrated the synthesis and characterization of pyrolysis oil derived from the co-pyrolysis of Kaneer seed and waste plastics. The experimental results indicate that co-pyrolysis is an effective thermochemical process to convert mixed organic and plastic waste into valuable liquid fuel. The optimum conditions for pyrolysis (around 500°C and a 1:1 biomass-to-plastic ratio) yielded a maximum quantity of oil with favorable fuel-like properties. The pyrolysis oil exhibited moderate viscosity, good calorific value, and a hydrocarbon-rich composition, making it a promising alternative fuel source. Analytical techniques such as GC-MS and FTIR confirmed the presence of alkanes, aromatics, and oxygenated compounds, showing contributions from both biomass and plastic degradation.

16. 16 Reference GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar Mohan, D., Pittman Jr., C. U., & Steele, P. H. (2006). Pyrolysis of wood/biomass for bio-oil: A critical review . Energy & Fuels, 20(3), 848–889. Sharuddin , S. D. A., Abnisa , F., Daud , W. M. A. W., & Aroua , M. K. (2016). A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes . Energy Conversion and Management, 115, 308–326. Onwudili , J. A., Insura , N., & Williams, P. T. (2009). Composition of products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor: Effects of temperature and residence time . Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 86(2), 293–303. Kaminsky, W. (1992). Thermal recycling of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment . Waste Management, 12(6), 393–409. Demirbas , A. (2004). Pyrolysis of municipal plastic wastes for recovery of gasoline-range hydrocarbons . Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 72(1), 97–102.

17. Thank You GIFT AUTONOMOUS, Bhubaneswar 17