Participatory Rural Appraisal

Background of PRA, Origin, the difference between survey research and PRA, Johari window, principles of PRA, uses of PRA, tools of PRA, references, Social mapping of our Harshnagar area, thank you.

1. P articipatory R ural A ppraisal (PRA) Presenter- Dr. Sunaina Kumthekar Guide- Dr. Abhay Srivastava Sir

2. Content Background of PRA Origin Difference between Survey research & PRA Johari Window Principles Uses Tools Reference Social mapping in Harshnagar

3. Definition OF PRA It is the process of involving local people on the analysis and interpretation of their own situation of a given rural area.

4. Background Principles of Primary Health Care Community Participation Inter-sectorial coordination Equitable distribution Appropriate technology

5. PRA Origin (Time Line) 1950-60 1980 RRA (RAPID RURAL APPRAISAL) PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) Robert Chambers Introduction of the term 1970 Community Development Program (CDP)

6. Survey Research Long time. High cost Fixed Low participation Heavy statistical analysis Formal questionnaire. PRA Short time. Low cost Flexible High participation On-the-spot analysis Semi-structured interviews and group discussion.

7. Johari Window A technique that helps people better understand their relationship with themselves and others . It was created by psychologists Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham .

8. Johari Window

9. Johari Window

10. Principles 2. Seeking Diversity 1.Optimal Ignorance 3. Offsetting Biases 4. Triangulation 6. Learning rapidly & progressively 5. Reversals

11. Uses To build rapport with local people. Helps in problem identification & prioritization. Involves local people in their own need assessment.

12. PRA Tools Of PRA SPACE TIME RELATION

13. Space Related Space Social Map Transect Walk Resource Map

14. Time Related Time Time L ine Trend Analysis Seasonal Mapping

15. Relation Related Relation Semi I nterview Problem Tree Matrix analysis Fishbone Diagram Cobweb Diagram Venn Diagram

16. Social Map Social mapping is one of the most popular tool in PRA. There are two main types of maps, sketch map & scale map. Use- To show data in community layout, health patterns, demography, infrastructure of community so on.

17. Social Map

18. Resource Map Social map focuses on habitation, community facilities, roads, temples, etc ., While resource map focuses on the natural resources in the locality and depicts land, hills, rivers, fields, vegetation etc. It provides a bird’s eye view of the locality with a focus of natural resources.

19. Resource Map

20. Transect Walk It is popularly used for natural resource management. It is generally done after a resource map and, therefore, helps in triangulation . Use- To explore the spatial dimensions of people’s realities.

21. Transect Walk

22. Time Line Time line captures the chronology of events as recalled by local people. It is not history as such but events of the past as perceived and recalled by the people in community. Use- To understand from the community the historical perspective on current issues.

23. Time Line

24. Seasonal Map It reflects the perceptions of the local people regarding seasonal variations on a wide range of items. It has proved to be useful in project planning, i.e., when to implement various activities.

25. Seasonal Map

26. Venn Diagram Shows relationship between individual and institution in community. Also k/a Chappati diagram.

27. Venn Diagram

28. Venn Diagram

29. Cobweb Diagram

30. Problem Tree

31. Some Images related to PRA

32. References Sontheimer , S., et al. 1999. Conducting a PRA Training and Modifying PRA Tools to Your Needs. An Example from a Participatory Household Food Security and Nutrition Project in Ethiopia. Ganapathy Kalaiselvan ., et al. Sharing an Experience of Social Mapping Exercise at Peri -urban Area of Puducherry . Nat.J.Res.Com.Med .,1(2), 2012. Soundappan Kathirvel ., et al. Social mapping: A potential teaching tool in public health. ISSN: 0142-159X (Print) 1466-187X (Online ). Ampt , P.R., 1988, "Rapid Rural Appraisal", Forbes Shire, February 1988 Initial Report, School of Crop Sciences, University of Sydney. Chambers , Robert (July 1994). " The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal " (PDF). World Development. 22(7 ): 953–969. doi:10.1016/0305-750X(94)90141-4 . Narinder Paul., Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) report of Village Kursari Tehsil Bhaderwah,District Doda (J&K ). Ganesh Chandra., PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL . Issues and Tools for Social Science Research in Inland Fisheries. Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute. Bulletin 163. Pp. 286-302 Szymanski, M., L. Whitewing , and J. Colletti ., (1998) The Use of Participatory Rural Appraisal Methodologies to Link Indigenous Knowledge and Land Use Decisions Among the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor 6(2):3-6.

33. Social Mapping in Harshnagar

34. Preparatory phase

35. Preparatory phase

36. Preparatory phase

37. FINAL MAP

38. Well in Harshnagar

39. Urdu School

40. Public Toilet

41. Our Team