Parts of a Research Paper lecture 1.pptx

lecture

1. Parts Of A Research Paper Prepared By: Ar. Memoona Rashid Assistant professor School of Architecture, Design & urbanism Institute for art & Culture, Lahore

2. INTRODUCTION Any Research Paper is that it is based on an hourglass structure. It begins with general information and undertaking a literature review, and becomes more specific as you nail down a research problem and hypothesis . Finally, it again becomes more general as researcher try to apply his/her findings to the world at general.

3. PARTS OF RESEARCH PAPER Title Abstract Introduction Materials & Method Results Discussion Conclusion Reference List

4. PARTS OF RESEARCH PAPER

5. TITLE TITLE SHOULD BE SPECIFIC ( Indicate the problem the research project addresses using key words that will be helpful in literature reviews in the future)

6. TITLE

7. TITLE

8. STRUCTURE

9. ABSTRACT IT SUMMARIZES THE ENTIRE RESEARCH PAPER (For longer research papers, dissertations and theses, writing an abstract is an essential part of the process) MAXIMUM WORD COUNT FOR AN ABSTRACT IS 200-250 WORDS ( It is essential that you remain within this limit, overlong abstract risks the entire paper becoming rejected) INTRODUCING THE GENERAL TOPIC OF THE WORK, RESEARCH QUESTION INCLUDING THE AIMS, METHODOLOGY, THE RESULTS AND THE DISCUSSION STICK TO THE EXACT RESEARCH QUESTION ANSWERED (avoid including your own personal interpretations)

10. ABSTRACT

11. ABSTRACT

12. INTRODUCTION RATIONALE BEHIND THE WORK, AND TO JUSTIFY WHY THIS WORK IS ESSENTIAL IN THE FIELD The introduction DOES NOT HAVE A STRICT WORD LIMIT (As concise as possible) I ntroducing the topic of the paper and setting it in a broader context, gradually narrowing the topic down to a research problem, and hypothesis BACKGROUND is like in any good Hollywood movie, the first task of the introduction is to set the scene. This gives a paper a context and allows readers to see how it fits in with previous research in the field The background then leads into the RATIONALE BEHIND THE RESEARCH , revealing whether it is building upon previous research, looking at something that everybody else has OVERLOOKED , or improving upon a previous research project that delivered UNCLEAR RESULTS (Importance) LIMITATION IN THE INTRODUCTION IS THE PLACE TO HIGHLIGHT ANY WEAKNESSES IN THE EXPERIMENT FROM THE START.

13. MATERIALS & METHOD Methodology can usually be divided into a few sections. Describe the materials and equipment used in the research. Explain how the samples were gathered , any randomization techniques and how the samples were prepared. Explain how the measurements were made and what calculations were performed upon the raw data. Describe the statistical techniques used on the data.

14. MATERIALS & METHOD

15. RESULTS Best way to use the results section is to show the most relevant information in the GRAPHS, FIGURES AND TABLES.

16. DISCUSSION Reject your null or alternative hypotheses according to the significance levels found by the statistics. Self-Criticism Results agree or disagree with previous research? Not to be too broad in your generalizations to the wider world

17. RESULTS & DISCUSSION

18. RESULTS & DISCUSSION

19. RESULTS & DISCUSSION

20. CONCLUSION What Has Your Research Shown? How Has It Added to What is Known About the Subject? What Were the Shortcomings? Has Your Research Left Some Unanswered Questions? Are My Results of Any Use in the Real World? References

21. Google Scholar

22. H-Index The h index is a quantitative metric based on analysis of publication data using publications and citations to provide “An estimate of the importance, significance, and broad impact of a scientist’s cumulative research contributions.” i 10-Index i 10-Index = the number of publications with at least 10 citations.

23. Thank You