Parts of speech Class V.pptxParts of speech are categories of words that have similar grammatical functions or properties in a sentence.

Parts of speech are categories of words that have similar grammatical functions or properties in a sentence. Understanding them is fundamental to comprehending how a language works. Traditionally, there are eight parts of speech in English.

The Eight Parts of Speech
Nouns: A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. They can be a subject, object, or complement in a sentence.

Examples: dog, Sarah, New York, happiness.

Pronouns: A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun to avoid repetition.

Examples: he, she, it, they, we.

Verbs: A verb expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. It is the heart of a sentence.

Examples: run, is, become, think.

Adjectives: An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun, providing more information about its qualities.

Examples: blue, tall, smart, loud.

Adverbs: An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. They often answer questions like how, when, where, or to what extent.

Examples: quickly, yesterday, loudly, very.

Prepositions: A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence, often indicating location, time, or direction.

Examples: in, on, at, under.

Conjunctions: A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses.

Examples: and, but, or, so.

Interjections: An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses a strong emotion or sudden feeling. They are often followed by an exclamation mark.

Examples: Wow!, Ouch!, Oh!.

1. Parts of speech

2. 1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Verb 4. Adjective 5. Adverb 6. Conjunction 7. Preposition 8. Interjection

3. 1. Noun Noun is name of person, place, animals and things. Examples : Pema Thimphu donkey table door girl boy

4. Parts of noun 1. Common noun 2. Proper noun 3. Abstract noun 4. Concrete noun 5. Countable noun 6. Uncountable noun 7. Compound noun 8. Collective noun 9. Singular noun 10. Plural noun

5. 1. Common noun -Common noun is non-specific person, place or things. -Common noun are usually non capitalized. Examples dog girl sister friend bikes car movies

6. Proper noun Proper noun names a specific person, place, or thing. Proper noun are written in capital letter. Examples: New York Monday Dorji Yenang Brangsa

7. Common noun Proper noun Tree Cypress Oak Boy Dendup Tshewang Flower Sun flower Rose Movies Aum Penjor Shindrey Place Paro Thimphu Country India Bhutan Mountain Himalaya Jomo Lhari

8. Group Activity From the text, ‘Like an animal in a cage’ list down the example of common noun and proper noun by preparing a table with two columns.  Ask learners to share their work (list of words) to the whole class and explain why each word would fall under that particular category/type of noun.

9. Abstract noun This noun expresses ideas, concepts or qualities that cannot be seen or experienced. We cannot see, hear, touch, taste or smell these concepts. Examples : anger wisdom kindness happiness sadness

10. Concrete noun Concrete noun is something that we can touch, see, hear or smell. Examples: phone noise rainbow pen table

11. Abstract noun Concrete noun Happy Cow Mad Pig Sad Dog Nice Pen Love rainbow Cry Baby Jealousy Fish Idea monkey

12. Group Activity F rom the text, ‘Like an animal in a cage’ list down the example of concrete and abstract by preparing a table with two columns.  Ask learners to share their work (list of words) to the whole class and explain why each word would fall under that particular category/type of noun. 

13. Pronoun Pronoun replaces noun Examples: I , you, he, she, it, we, they, him , them, her , herself, itself, themselves, ourselves, yourself , mine ,

14. Activity 1 Replace the underlined noun with the correct pronoun. 1. Dema is my friend. 2. My brother and I went to the zoo. 3. The cat is sleeping. 4. The children are happy. 5. The dog licked my hand. 6. Can you help Dorji Tenzin ? 7. The class thanked Cheki and Dorji .

15. Activity 2 Instructions : Choose the correct pronoun from the given below to complete each sentence . he she it they we you I them us My mom is a great cook. _______ makes delicious cakes . The birds are singing outside. _______ sound so cheerful . My best friend and _______ are planning a picnic . Did _______ see the new movie at the cinema ? The pencil is on the desk. Can _______ please pick _______ up?

16. 3 . Adjective An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun . It adds detail and tells us more about the qualities, characteristics, or state of the noun or pronoun it refers to . Examples: Big, happy, interesting, beautiful, brave, bright, tiny

17. Examples of adjectives in sentences The big dog barked. (The adjective "big" describes the noun "dog .") She wore a red dress. (The adjective "red" describes the noun "dress .") They are happy children. (The adjective "happy" describes the noun "children .") This is an interesting book. (The adjective "interesting" describes the noun "book .") Give me three apples. (The adjective "three" describes the noun "apples," indicating quantity.)

18. Activity 1 Instructions : Read each sentence carefully and underline the adjective(s) in each sentence. 1. The tall building scraped the sky. 2. The fluffy clouds drifted slowly across the blue sky. 3. He told a funny story that made everyone laugh. 5. That is a heavy box . 6. Give me five apples, please.

19. Activity 2 Instructions : Complete the following sentences by adding interesting adjectives. Be creative! The ___________ dog barked loudly. She wore a ___________ dress. We climbed the ___________ mountain. The baker filled the box with ___________ and ___________ cookies. The ___________ wind blew through the ___________ trees.

20. Verb A verb is a word that expresses action or being. For example:  eat, is, talk, sleep Types of verb 1.Regular verb 2.Irregular verb 3. Invariant verb

21. 1. Regular Verb Regular verbs are verbs whose past tense are formed by adding - ed or d to the end . Present Tense Past Tense Past participle walk walked walked climb climbed climbed jump jumped jumped beg begged begged drop dropped dropped open opened opened enjoy enjoyed enjoyed

22. Present tense Past tense Past participle cry cried cried die died died paint painted painted invite invited invited compare compared compared order ordered ordered pass passed passed

23. 2. Irregular Verb An irregular verb is defined as a verb that does not follow the usual rules of grammar. Present tense Past tense Past participle drink drank drunk eat ate eaten write wrote written find found found give gave given bring brought brought buy bought bought

24. get got got begin began begun go went gone break broke broken think thought thought make made made take took taken know knew known

25. do did done wake woke woken find found found fight fought fought hang hung hung run ran run

26. stand stood stood teach taught Taught leave left left keep kept kept catch caught caught build built built come came come

27. become became become sing sang sung have had had speak spoken spoken choose chose chosen say said said sleep slept slept sit sat sat

28. 3. Invariant verbs The name for verbs that have the same form in the present tense, past tense, and past participle is invariant verbs. Present tense Past tense Past participle put put put cut cut cut hit hit hit read read r ead cost cost cost

29. Fill in the blank with the past tense form of the verb in parentheses. Write whether the verb is regular or irregular in the space provided. Yesterday, I ___________ (watch) a very interesting movie. She ___________ (go) to the library to borrow some books. The baby ___________ (cry) because he was tired. They ___________ (build) a magnificent temple. He ___________ (teach) us a new song on the guitar.

30. Activity 2 Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with an appropriate verb. Identify whether the verb you used is regular verb(R) or an irregular verb (IR) The students -------------their homework diligently. She -----------a beautiful song at the concert . The artist ----------a beautiful landscape . He ------------a long letter to his friend . The children -------------in the park all afternoon.

31. Adverb An adverb is a word that modifies or describe an adjective, verb, or other adverb. It describes how, where and when the actions had taken place. How? The dog barked loudly Where? We will go to the park tomorrow. Where ? T hey played outside.

32. Activity Read each sentence carefully. Underline the adverb in each sentence. 1. She smiled happily at her friend. 2. They will go to the library tomorrow. 3. The cat jumped quickly onto the table. 4. He looked everywhere for his lost keys. 5. The rain fell softly on the roof.

33. Conjunction A conjunction is a word that is used to connect words, phrases, and clauses. Examples: and, if, but, or, because, when, so

34. Instructions : Choose the best conjunction from the options provided in parentheses to complete each sentence. 1. The dog barked loudly, ___________ the cat ran away. (and, but, or) 2. I wanted to go to the park, ___________ it started to rain. (so, but, because) 3. We can have pizza ___________ pasta for dinner. (and, but, or) 4. She studied hard ___________ she wanted to get a good grade. (because, so, if) 5. He is both intelligent ___________ kind. (or, but, and)

35. Interjection An interjection is a word or phrase used to express a sudden feeling or emotion . Examples: oh! w ow! Hurrah! o uch! Aah ! Eww ! Yeah! Oup ! Alas! Hurrah! Our side has won. Alas! our side has lost. Wow! I love that. Oops! I hit the wrong button. Yay! I have finished my exam.

36. Activity Instructions: Fill in the blank in each sentence below with an appropriate interjection. Choose from the words in the parentheses. (Hey, Oh, Hurray, Shhh , Ew ) __________! The movie is about to start. __________! We won the game! __________! That smells disgusting. __________, be quiet! I'm trying to concentrate. __________, I didn't realize you were here.

37. Preposition Preposition tells us about the location, time and direction of something. Examples: on, in, under, after, beside, since, for, down, above, near etc.