Parturition or labor /delivery

Parturition is the scientific term used for delivery of a newborn baby. This presentation is a brief insight about 3 stages of labor This is prepared and uploaded by innoclazz academy

1. Parturition or child birth Contact: Innoclazz Academy for best home tutors in Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Mumbai and Pune Website; www.innoclazz.com

2. Introduction to parturition Parturition is otherwise known as labor or delivery or birth of the baby. It is the science and mechanism behind the process of birth including neurophysiological and endocrinal changes within the mother. Birth of a newborn is a wonderful experience nevertheless, a good knowledge and right practices while handling the mother during labor process is essential. During parturition . Intro c ont ………………….

3. The mechanical contraction of uterine muscles helps to produce rhythmic movement of uterus that push the fetus towards birth canal. Eventually , the cervix dilates and relaxes in alternative fashion. Hormones such as cortisol, oxytocin and estrogen helps to begin the labor milk production (lactation) is assisted by the hormone prolactin. Simultaneously , the uterus expels the placenta out thereby helping it to pass out immediately after the fetus is born.

4. Signs and Symptoms of Parturition Getting into a phase of child birth is usually a subjective experience that a mother can feel. In 90% of the cases , delivery happens at right time however, a prospective couple should be prepared for delivery once 7th month of pregnancy is over . A women often feels like experiencing bloated abdomen, pain and hardness over the lower end of uterus, mucous discharge and feeling relentlessness are evident. She can also feel intense labor contractions with a fully swollen vulva and relaxed pelvic ligaments. At his stage, mammary glands seems to be developed well and the milk secretion begins.

5. Initiation of labor Exact factors of initiation of labor in humans remain unclear however, biochemical substances produced by the fetus are believed to be the a major factors beside the action of hormones such as oxytocin, prostaglandins, relaxin etc. assist in the mechanical expulsion of baby by producing uterine contractions.

6. Stages of parturition Parturition , the process of childbirth starts approximately 38 -40 weeks after fertilization, however premature and post mature deliveries are possible in rare cases. A typical parturition is divided into the first stage or the stage of dilation, begins with the onset of regular, hard contractions of the uterus and ends with complete dilation of the cervix. Stage  2 is defined as the delivery of the newborn and the s age 3 is the shedding of the placenta or fetal membranes.

7. First stage or stage of dilatation of cervix In the beginning phase of labor , uterine contractions occur between 20 to 30 minutes and each cycle last about 40 seconds. But as the labor progresses, contractions become more intense and frequent. Despite the efficacious mechanism of contractions, the duration of the first stage of labor is longer than other stages. It approximately lasts for 13 and 14 hours in a women who is delivering her first baby. But in women who have previously given birth , it averages 8 to 9 hours. Oxytocin stimulates the muscle layers especially the myometrium to push the fetus down thereby help in opening the cervical end. Rarely, there is a chance of early rupturing of the amnion leading to the premature loss of the amniotic fluid leads a dangerous situation.

8. Second stage or expulsive stage As the cervix becomes fully dilated, the fluid present in the amniotic sac comes out as the amnion is broken by the forceful expulsion. The expulsion of fetus depends upon its size weight, shape of the pelvis and the order of delivery. In most of the cases cesarean may be the option however, it is advisable to go for normal delivery especially in healthy and full term cases. During this phase pain is intense and mother needs support. A mechanicals push from the top end of the abdomen in a careful manner may help in fast delivery. Second stage conti ……………………..

9. Conti………… It is important to determine the lie, presentation and axis of the baby during delivery. A lie is the angle at which the baby is related mother. A vertical lie with vertex presentation( head down legs up) is normal . On the contrary, a horizontal lie , diagonal lie, breech or le presentation are seriously difficult to handle as they take long time to deliver the baby. A normal full-term delivery happens with vertex presentation in which head sits first firmly on the cervical end, followed by the delivery of shoulders, trunk, abdomen and lastly the lower limbs.

10. Third stage or the stage of placental delivery This stage lasts hardly about 15 minutes to 2 hours during which placenta will lose contact with the uterine surface. Soon after the expulsion of the child, uterine cavity undergoes a series of changes. Sometimes unusual bleeding can occur due to tearing of uterine muscles, or mechanical pressure during the delivery, and rarely uterus may be detached from where it is supposed to be. Within a few minutes after the subsequent uterine contractions, there is downward pull of placenta leading to detachment from its stalk. Sometimes the therapist may use manual retraction by slowly pulling the placenta down. A pudendal block is a relatively simple and common procedure used to numb the birth canal so that mother doesn’t feel intense pain.

11. Hormones that help in Parturition Estrogen plays a major role in uterine contractions. On the other hand, oxytocin also helps in the uterine contractions and it has influence on the prolactin release so that milk production begins. The hormone relaxin assist in relaxing the pelvic ligaments that widens the cervix . Prostaglandin, which is synthesized within the amnion and chorion facilitates cervix ripening, changing the membrane structures and contraction of the myometrium.

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