Pascal's Law and it's Applications

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1. Physics Pascal’s Law and it’s Applications S.N.B.P International School Affiliation no.-1130522 Submitted to:- Ruchita Tibdewal (Physics Subject Teacher) Submitted by:- Vansh Patil Class/Section-11th/C Roll no.-S11C36

2. Certificate It is hereby certified that original and genuine research work is carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the related data collection has been completely solely and satisfied by Vansh Patil regarding the project titled Study on Pascal’s Law and its Applications

3. I owe my thanks to our principal for providing laboratory facilities and for her valuable guidance. A lot of thanks to my Physics Teacher Ruchita Ma’am who encouraged me in doing this project successfully and provided the required apparatus to perform my project work. Name : Vansh Patil Acknowledgement

4. Index Aim About Blaise Pascal Materials Required Theory Procedure Observation Result Applications

5. Aim To study Pascal’s Law and its Applications.

6. About Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal(1623-1662) was a French mathematician, physicist and philosopher. He developed the modern theory of probability. He also formulated the concept of pressure(between 1646 and 1648) and showed that the pressure in a fluid is transmitted through the fluid in all directions(i.e., Pascal’s Law).

7. Materials Required Matchsticks Bottle Rubber Balloon Twine

8. Theory The pressure always acts normal to the surface. The pressure force has no component tangential to the surface. The pressure force acting on the surface of finite area which is in contact with the fluid is distributed over the surface. The resultant force is obtained by integration: where A is the surface area.  

9. Procedure Prepare the matchsticks by cutting off the heads of the matches and discarding the tail ends. Fill the bottle to the brim with water. Drop the matchstick-heads into the bottle. Cover the mouth of the balloon tightly over the bottle opening. Press your finger on the balloon ‘diaphragm’ covering the mouth of the bottle.

10. Observation The match heads will float on the top of the water initially but as soon as the finger is pressed on the balloon diaphragm, they will begin to sink slowly to the bottom. However, when the finger is lifted, the matchstick-heads float up again.

11. Result The match heads move down owing to the pressure that is transmitted through the water. When the finger is pressed down on the balloon diaphragm, a small quantity of water penetrates each match head, which adds enough weight it causing it to sink. When the finger is removed, there is ample air pressure inside the match heads to force out the water and make the match heads rise again. Pascal’s Law is proven hence.

12. Applications Hydraulic Lift: The image you saw at the beginning of this article is a simple line diagram of the hydraulic lift. This is the principle of the working of hydraulic lift. It works based on the principle of equal pressure transmission throughout a fluid. The construction is such that the narrow cylinder is connected to a wider cylinder. They are fitted with airtight pistons on either end. The inside of the cylinders is filled with fluid that cannot be compressed. Pressure applied at piston A is transmitted equally to piston B without diminishing the use of the fluid that cannot be compressed. Thus, piston B effectively serves as a platform to lift heavy objects like big machines or vehicles.