Passive solar design intro1.ppt RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR

Rassive solar design intro1.ppt RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR

1. What is Passive Solar Design ?
•Climate Sensitive Architecture
•Not Active design –devoid of mechanical inputs
•A Key paradigm of Environmental Design
DEFINITION
Collection, storage, distribution and control of energy flow
by natural processes of heat and mass transfer

2. PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
Equilibrium Conservation Aesthetics

3. Defining Principles Of Environmental Design
Through A
RAIN FOREST

4. TheAmazonbasin,thelargest
rainforestintheworld,coversless
than4%ofthelandsurfaceandis
hometomorethanhalfofthe30
millionspeciesexistingonthe
planet.
Mosses, lichens, algae, plants,
animals, birds, reptiles, insects,
microorganism… live by the mantra
of cooperation not competition (as in
the human world)
Alone each is a life form.
Together they form a unique ecosystem.
Equilibrium:
Each species is unique.
Their diversity is expressed through
the principle of Equilibrium.

5. “All life is antientropic”
—Buckminster Fuller
A rainforest has almost no
resources. The soil is thin. There
are few nutrients. It consumes
almost nothing.
Conservation:
The most important asset of the
rainforest lies in it’s design. This
design is based on making the best
from the least -Conservation.
Waste is food. Design is capital.
There is affluence without effluence

6. Thesoundofmeandering
streamscombinedwiththe
melodioussongsofbirds
andthehumofinsects,all
inharmony,isinitselfa
uniquecreation.
Aesthetics:
Rainforest gives expression to
intangibles; it arouses our
senses in a pleasing manner.
A Rainforest defines
Aesthetics.

7. EQUILIBRIUM:
Climate
Orientation
Light&Ventilation
Geological&Geographicsiting
BuildingsinEquilibrium
Pollution,Emissions&Toxicity
Psychologicalaspects

8. Energy
Space
NaturalResources
Materials
CONSERVATION:

9. AESTHETICS:
Simplicity
Harmony
Color

10. A few Paradigms of Environmental Design

11. Conservation of energy is key to
repairing the damage to our
environment

12. Architectural design must strive
to be less entropic

13. Use of ecological materials

14. Local sourcing

15. Life Cycle Analysis

16. Flexible design

17. Structure must breathe

18. Energy Efficient Space
design

19. Building in Equilibrium

20. Energy Efficiency in Buildings
•Bio-climatic Architectural Principles –
Responsiveness to climate of the particular location
•Use of materials with low embodied energy
•Reduction of transportation energy –local
sourcing
•Incorporation of Efficient Structural
design –space planning
•Implementation of energy efficient building
systems –utilities, equipments, fixtures
•Effective utilization of renewable energy
sources to power the building

21. •Maximize thermal Comfort
Passive Solar Design -Objectives
•Minimize Consumption of fossil fuels
•Minimum Impact on the Environment

22. •Thermal comfort
Passive Solar Design -Objectives
•Shading
•Day-lighting

23. Bio-climatic zones for India

24. Passive Solar Design
Analysis
techniques
Design
Elements
Design
Strategies
EVALUATION PROCEDURE

25. Analysis techniques
•Sun dial or sunpath diagram -shading
•Solar radiation –external heat gain
•Wind rose & wind square -ventilation
•Climate response matrix –sun and wind
•Bio-climatic chart
•Occupancy
•Lux levels
•Internal heat gain

26. Design Elements
•Landscaping –landform, topography, orientation of slope,
vegetation, microflora/ groundcover
•Building form: surface area to volume ratio
•Location of water bodies
•Orientation –climate, neighborhood, city
•Building Envelope –Roof, walls, fenestration &
shading (glazing systems, shading devices, overhangs/
louvres), finishes (internal & external), internal layout and
furniture

27. Design Strategies
•Passive heating
•Direct gain
•Daylighting
•Indirect gain
•Trombe wall
•Water wall
•Roof based water heating system
•Sunspaces
•Passive cooling
•Ventilation
•Wind tower
•Courtyard
•Earth air tunnels
•Evaporative cooling
•Passive down drought cooling

28. Case Studies

29. Settlements in Khaba and Jaisalmer are protected by the
fort and built on the leeward side of the hill

31. Stone paved homes
and streets
densely built with a
variety of interaction
places such as the
Bazaar
complement the arid
climate of Jodhpur.

32. Closely built
houses in
Jaiselmer
provide
security and
shelter from
the vagaries of
climate.

33. Mediterranean Climate
Thermal Mass is
provided by burying
the building in the
ground so that the
earth acts as a
temperature balance.

34. Marine West Coastal Climate
Farmhouse are lime-washed and thatched with straw; the only materials that are
readily available, they form the walls of both house and enclosures.

35. Mountains
In the mountains, buildings may be dug into the ground, hugging it for
protection…..

36. Mountains
…. Or raised upto minimized humidity.

37. Tundra / Taiga
Light weight adaptable, the frame of the yurt is covered with woolen felt
or reed mats. Space inside the yurt is strictly divided into quadrants.

38. Polar Climate
The Igloo is a building for
survival
rather than comfort.

40. CII -Godrej Green Business
Centre

41. Building design
Orientation
Building insulation (walls of AEC block and
roof with over deck insulation and roof lawn)
Window sizing
Window shading(fixed overhangs)
Glass selection(with low thermal conductivity,
low shading co-efficient and high light
transmission)
Envelope efficiency measures contributed to 12% savings
over base case

42. Daylight harvesting
Daylight harvesting in CII-Godrej Green
business centre building reduced 50%
lighting energy consumption
CII-Godrej Green business
centre, Hyderabad

43. A contemporary commercial
building in Mumbai
•Large glass façade
without protection
from rains and
sunshine.
•Air-conditioned and
artificial lit
•Manifold increase in
consumption of energy
e.g. Similar building
pays Rs. 15 lacs as
energy bill per month

44. A fairly large multi-storey
commercial building in Mumbai
•Approximately 70,000
sq. ft floor area
•South wall fully glazed
•Fully air-conditioned
and artificially lit
•Indoor temperature
maintained at about
24 deg.C.

45. Break-up of annual cooling loads
•Maximum load due
to occupants and
lighting
•Load through
glazing is
significantDistribution of loads through various building components on an
annual basis
Window
24%
Infiltration
4%
Walls and Roof
5%
Lights & Occupants
67%

46. Energy conservation
•Reduce glass area because significant heat gain due to
glazing
•Increase set-point temperature for cooling comfort by
1 deg. CParameter basecase
glazing
area
reduced by
65%
setpoint
increased
by 1 deg.C
Total 6.41E+095.99E+095.96E+09
% saving 6.7 7.1
Annual Cooling Load (kJ / h)

47. Such techniques lead to
significant reduction in energy
consumption
•Free of cost, if implemented at design stage
•Energy savings of up to 10%
•If day lighting is also considered, significant
savings can be achieved.

48. Cheaspeake Bay Merril Lynch Center

49. California EPA building

50. Takoma Village co-housing
San Francisco Bay Conservation Center
Berkeley Village Homes Architect’s office

51. “civilization did not leave stone age because
we ran out of stones. Progress past the stone
age was possible when better tools were
invented that were made of bronze alloys”
-Roy McCalister

52. Some Definitions
•Conduction: Transfer of heat from one material to another
by direct means
•Convection: Transfer of heat by movement of water or air
•Radiation: Transfer of heat directly through air
•Solar Heat gain coefficient/ Solar factor: The fraction of solar
radiation admitted through a fenestration, both directly
transmitted and absorbed and subsequently released inward.
The lower a fenestration’s solar factor, the less solar heat it
admits
•U value: Measured in Watt per sq. m degree Celsius, it is a
measure of the rate of non-solar heat loss or gain through a
material or assembly. The lower a fenestration’s U value, the
less non-solar heat it transmits