Pasteurization(suraj)

A PRESENTATION OF PASTEURIZATION AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL...

1. PASTEURIZATION SURAJ MISHRA M.Sc. I Sem DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY BHOPAL

2. INTRODUCTION According to International Dairy Federation (IDF) pasteurization can be defined as- “ Pasteurization is the process applied to a product with the objective of minimizing possible health hazards arising from pathogenic microorganisms associated with the product which is consistent with minimal chemical , physical and organoleptic changes the product.” https://www.dairyknowledge.in/article/pasteurization

3. BRIEF HISTORY 1117 AD China Preserve wine. 1768 Lazzaro Spallanzani (Italian biologist), heat meat broth then sealed. 1795 French chef Nicolas Appert (Inventor) sealed foods in glass jars immersed them in boiling water to preserve them. 1810 Peter Durand had done similar method. 1864 French Scientist Louis Pasteur work on wine prevent from souring. 1886 Franz Von Soxhlet (German chemist), Suggested Pasteurization of milk. www.kumc.edu/dc/pc/s.htm l https://paintingvalley.com/louis-pasteur-sketch https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-pasteurization-4177326

4. WHY WE NEED MILK PASTEURIZATION Pasteurization ensures the safety and greatly enhance the shelf life of the product. Pasteurization renders milk for consumption. It destroys all the common disease producing organism e.g. Salmonella ,Yersinia,Staphylococcus etc Keeping quality is improved faciliating easy transport of milk over long distances. Natural flavour of milk is not affected by Pasteurization. It destroys lipase enzyme which is responsible for rancidity of milk. Modi,( 2009)

5. Common pathogens in Milk Pathogenic bacteria are transmissible to humans through milk and milk products.Recently , attention is focused on milk, cheese and ice cream contaminated with pathogenic bacteria These pathogens and illnesses caused by bacteria which are as follows- Salmonella: found in Raw milk Listeria monocytogenes: mainly found in soil Yersinia enterocolitica : found in Raw milk Campylobacter jejuni : found in Milk and Meat Staphylococcus aureus: found in Raw Milk & its products https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3060492

6. TYPES OF PASTEURIZATION Three Most Common Method Of Pasteurization

7. 1. BATCH PASTEURIZATION(LTLT ) Batch or Vat Pasteurization is the simplest and oldest method for pasteurization of milk . Also known as low temperature long time (LTLT) pasteurization. Heat the milk to 63°C for 30 minutes. The extended holding time causes alteration in the milk protein structure and taste. This method is best for batch pasteurization where the milk is held in a jacketed vat for effective pasteurization. There are many designs of batch pasteurizers in the market that are suitable for both domestic and commercial use . Complete inactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes Tuberculosis Edward,(1984)

8. https://www.zwirnerequipment.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/bigstock-Milk-Pasteurization-36621394-300x200.jpg https://www.google.com/search?q=batch+pasteurization+process+steps+diagram&sxsrf=ACYBGNSLBCGoJ0yze

9. Some of the best batch pasteurizers for home use a)  Milky 3-1/2-Gallon Pasteurizer b)  Home Pasteurizer 2-Gallon Capacity https://amzn.to/2xOlzMa https://amzn.to/2xSF2M0

10. 2 . FLASH PASTEURIZATION(HTST ) Flash pasteurization involves heating milk to 71.7°C for 15 seconds to kill  Coxiella burnetii , which causes Q-fever is the most heat resistant pathogen in raw milk This is most common method these days specially for Higher volume processing in Continuous pasteurization systems . This method is faster and more energy efficient than Batch pasteurization . Flash pasteurized milk can be kept for between 16 to 21 days . https ://dairytechnologist.com/milk-pasteurization/

11. How HTST pasteurization works A standard milk pasteurization system consists of the following parts:   Balance tank   Milk feed pump   Flow control system   Filters and clarifiers   Homogenizer   PHE with regeneration, heating, holding and cooling sections    Flow diversion valves   Instrumentation and control equipment    Peripheral sources of utilities such as steam, air, and water   Conduits/piping system https ://dairytechnologist.com/milk-pasteurization/

12. https://www.uoguelph.ca/foodscience/book-page/htst-milk-flow-overview

13. Disadvantages of high temperature pasteurization There is a possibility of alteration of milk proteins. This can affect the properties of such milk when used to make other food products. High temperatures inactivate the enzymes that protect the product increasing the risk of spoilage. Elevated temperatures cause  Maillard reaction , which discolors the product making it undesirable to consumers. High temperatures alter the protein structure and imparts a cooked flavor to the milk. https ://dairytechnologist.com/milk-pasteurization/

14. https://www.zwirnerequipment.com/resources/methods-of-pasteurization/

15. 3. Ultra high temperature(UHT) It involves heating milk or cream to between 135°C to 150°C for one to two seconds, then chilling it immediately and aseptically packaging it in a hermetic (air-tight) container for storage. Despite the risk of Millard browning, UHT pasteurization remains the most popular milk preservation method for safe and stable milk . UHT is very deadly process for bacteria and the resulting product is actually sterilised not just pasteurized. UHT milk can keep for nine months without refrigeration. https ://dairytechnologist.com/milk-pasteurization/

16. https://webstockreview.net/images/milk-clipart-pasteurization-15.png

17. DISADVANTAGE OF PASTEURIZATION https://fmtmagazine.in/htst-uht-pasteurisation-milk-debate/

18. Application other than milk Beer Canned food Dairy products Eggs Milk Juices Low alcoholic beverages Syrups Vinegar Water Wines Nuts https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=imaY0ml&ust=1574675250207901

19. RECENT RESEARCH High-Temperature Short-Time Pasteurization System for Donor Milk in a Human Milk Bank Setting 11 May 2018 Diana Escuder-Vieco 1 , Irene Espinosa-Martos 2 , Juan M. Rodríguez 3 , Nieves Corzo 4 , Antonia Montilla 5 , Pablo Siegfried 6 , Carmen R. Pallás-Alonso 7 Leonides Fernandez 8 Banco Regional de Leche Materna, Hospital Universitario , Instituto de Investigación Madrid, Spain 1,2,3 , Probisearch S.L., Tres Cantos, Spain 1,2,3,4, , Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología Tecnología de los Alimentos , Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 1,2,3,4,5 , Departamento de Bioactividad Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain 1,2,3,4,5,6 , Sive Fluid Systems S.L., Alcalá de Henares,Spain 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 , Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario , Instituto de Investigación Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

20. REFERENCES Edward A.I .,( 1984 ), Microbiology of Milk & Dairy Products, In: “ Fundamental of Microbiology ’’,4 th Ed.,The Benjamin/Cummings Company, Inc.,Bridge Parkway, pp 749-754 Modi H.A.,(2009),Pasteurization and Sterilization of Milk, In: “ Dairy Microbiology ’’, Aavishkar Publishers Jaipur, pp 34-44 Vieco D.E., Martos E.I., Rodriguez J.M., Corzo N.,Montilla A., Siegfried P., Alonsa R.C.,Fernandez L.,(2019), High temperature short-time pasteurization system for donor milk in a human milk bank setting, Frontiers in Microbiology, 9:pp 1-16 Vasavada P.C.,(2014),Pathogenic Bacteria in Milk, Journal of Dairy Science , 71:(1-8)

21. WEB REFERENCES 01/11/2019 https :// paintingvalley.com/louis-pasteur-sketch /05/11/2019 22/06/2012/ www.kumc.edu/dc/pc/s.html /08/11/2019 11/05/2019/ https :// www.google.com/search?q=batch+pasteurization+process+steps+diagram&sxsrf=ACYBGNSLBCGoJ0yze /08/11/2019 18/09/2019/ https :// amzn.to/2xOlzMa /10/11/2019 07/02/2019 / https :// fmtmagazine.in/htst-uht-pasteurisation-milk-debate / / 10/11/2019 17/10/2019 / https :// www.zwirnerequipment.com/resources/methods-of-pasteurization/ /10/11/2019 16/01/2019/ https :// www.uoguelph.ca/foodscience/book-page/htst-milk-flow-overview /11/11/2019 16/05/2019 https :// www.dairyknowledge.in/article/pasteurization /12/11/2019 14/10/2019/ http/s:// www.thoughtco.com/what-is-pasteurization-4177326 /17/11/2019 21/05/2019/ https :// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3060492 / 17/11/2019 22/07/2019 https :// dairytechnologist.com/milk-pasteurization/ 18/11/2019

22. 05/11/2019 https :// www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=imaY0ml&ust=1574675250207901 /11/11/2019 05/11/2019/ https ://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=& cad=rja&uact / 10/11/2019 03/11/2019/ https :// webstockreview.net/images/milk-clipart-pasteurization-15.png/ 13/11/2019 17/10/2019/ https :// www.zwirnerequipment.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/bigstock-Milk-Pasteurization-36621394-300x200.jpg /16/11/2019