Pathalogy of tuberculosis by md saqlain Umar

This power point presentation is on the topic pathogens of tuberculosis.this is helpful for the medical students and school students.

1. SISTER NIVEDITA UNIVERSITY NAME : MD SAQLAIN UMAR STUDENT ID : 2311225005028 REGISTRATION ID : 230050281771 PROGRAM : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE {HONOURS] IN OPERATION THEATRE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT : ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCE 1 ST YEAR ‘ 2 ND SEMESTER ‘ TOPIC : PATHOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS

2. TOPIC :- PATHOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS BY:- MD SAQLAIN UMAR This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

3. Topics:- Introduction Definition Origin Causative agents Characteristics Symptoms Prevention Diagnosis Risk factors Incubation period This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

4. Introduction Tuberculosis is one of the most prevalent infection of human being Contributes considerably to illness and death around the world Tuberculosis is the world’s second most common cause of death from infectious disease after HIV / AIDS This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

5. Definition Tuberculosis is a contagious infection that primarily affects the lungs and others body parts such as kidney, spine or brain. Tuberculosis usually spreads through the air when an infected person cough , sneeze or talks. Tuberculosis remains in the region with poor healthcare infrastructure , overcrowded area and due to limited medical resources. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

6. Origin The pathogen which is responsible for causing tuberculosis is the mycobacterium tuberculosis. The exact origin of this bacterium is not definitively known. It is believed that genus mycobacterium was present in environment about 150 million years ago in East Africa. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

7. Classification of Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is classified into two parts :- Pulmonary TB:- ~primary disease ~secondary disease Extra pulmonary TB:- ~lymph node TB ~pleural TB ~pericardial TB ~gastrointestinal TB ~miliary TB

8. Causative Agents Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ~ Human Mycobacterium Bovis ~ Animals Others causative agents are ~ Mycobacterium Africanum ~Mycobacterium Microti This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

9. Mycobacterium tuberculosis:-characteristics Gram positive bacteria Obligate aerobe Non - spore- forming Non- motile rod Mesophile

10. Symptoms :- Persistent cough Chest pain Coughing with bloody sputum Shortness of breath Urine discoloration Cloudy and reddish urine Fever with chills Fatigue This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

11. prevention:- Mask BCG vaccine Regular medical follow up Isolation of patient Ventilation Natural sunlight UV germicidal irradiation This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

12. Diagnosis :- Bacteriological test ~ auramine stain{fluorescence microscopy} Sputum culture test ~{LIQUID MEDIUM : 8-14 days} Radiography ~{ chest X- rays} Nucleic acid amplification Tuberculin skin test~{injection of fluid into the skin of the lower arm} This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

13. Mantoux Test/ Mendel-Mantoux test. The Mantoux test or PPD test is a tool for screening for tuberculosis and for tuberculosis diagnosis. It is one of the major tuberculin skin tests used around the world ,largely replacing multiple – puncture tests such as the tine test . The Mantoux skin test consists of an intradermal injection of one –tenth of a milliliter of PPD tuberculin . The circular shape is known as a wheal response. The test is “positive” if there is a pump of a certain size where the fluid was injected. This means the body probably have TB germs. Most people with a positive TB skin test have latent TB infection. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

14. Epidemiology of Tuberculosis TB infection is one of the most common infections in the world. It is estimated that nearly 2 billion people { about one fourth of the world’s population } are infected with M . tuberculosis. Every year , about 10 million people develop TB disease and 1.6 million people die from it. In fact , TB disease is the leading cause of death due to infectious disease in the world. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

15. Risk factors:- Close contact with some one who have active TB. Immuno compromised status. Drug abuse and alcoholism. People lacking adequate health care. Immigrants from countries with higher incidence of TB. Occupation [ health care workers] This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

16. Incubation period Two to ten weeks after the initial infection. The risk of disease after infection is highest in first 2 years. The bacteria can be carried in the body for many years. Most infected people never develop active disease. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

17. By MD SAQLAIN UMAR [email protected] 7564948731