Pathology 1 intro

1. Pathology is the hidden Science at the Heart
of Modern Medicine, Vital for the Diagnosis
& Clinical Management of Disease.

The Royal College of Pathologists London

2. = S T U D Y A B N O R M A L S T A T E O F
B O D Y P A R T I C U L A R I N
M O R P H O L O G I C A L & F U N C T I O N A L
C H A N G E S O F O R G A N , T I S S U E C E L L S .
ค ว า ม สั ม พั น ธ์ ร ะ ห ว่ า ง
di
ag
no
sis
•Why study?
•This course will be used
when?

3. General Pathology

4. Pathology What?
Why study?
Learn How?
What are the basic
requirements of knowledge.
This course will be used
when? How?

5. Pathology = Pathos +
Logos
Suffering
Study
Study of
Disease

6. Scope of Pathology
Anatomical PathologyClinical Pathology
•surgical pathology
•cytopathology
•forensic pathology
•Oral and maxillofacial
pathology
•clinical chemistry
•clinical
hematology/blood
banking
•clinical
microbiology
Veterinary pathology is concerned with animal
disease
Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases.
~ medical technologists
Pathologists

7. A combination both anatomical and
clinical pathology is known as
general pathology

8. also called investigative pathology,
experimental pathology or theoretical
pathology
is a broad and complex scientific field which
seeks to understand the mechanisms of
injury to cells and tissues, as well as the
body's means of responding to and repairing
injury

9. is concerned with the diagnosis of
disease based on the gross,
microscopic, and molecular
examination of organs, tissues,
and whole bodies (autopsy).
The anatomical pathologists typically do not
see patients directly, but rather serve as
consultants to other physicians

10. Surgical pathology – study & dx
diseases by gross and microscopic
examination of surgical specimens (as
well as biopsy)
Cytopahology –study and dx diseases
on cellular level, the most common
use of cytopathology is the Pap smear
to detect cervical cancer
Forensic pathology – concerned with
determining cause of death, usually
for criminal law cases and civil law
cases in some jurisdictions

11. is concerned with the diagnosis of
disease based on the laboratory
analysis of bodily fluids such as
blood and urine, using the tools of
chemistry, microbiology,
hematology and molecular
pathology
Clinical pathologist works in close
collaboration with medical technologists

12. THEORETICAL STUDY
Main object is to know the nature of DISEASE
by study as the following :-
1. Etiology ( causes of diseases )
2. Pathogenesis (mechanism of diseases)
3. Pathological changes : structural
change  Lesion

13. 6. Prognosis ( prediction the
future of victim)
THEORETICAL STUDY
4. Clinical feature : functional &
structural changes  symptoms
& signs of patients
5. Complication

14. Complica
tions &
sequelae
Morphol
ogical
and
function
al
features
Pathoge
nesis
Etiol
ogy
S.aur
eus
Acute
inflamma
tion
Boil
Septicem
ia
Smoking ,
Polycyclic
AHC
Genetic
mutatio
n
Lung
cancer
Metastasis
HBV
Immune
reaction to
virus
infected
cells
Cirrhosis
Liver
failure
Increased
renin
production
High BP
Cerebral
hemorrhage

15. Abnormal stage of body Abnormal stage of body  Disease Disease
•Disorderly function (show off as
abnormal sign and symptom) of
organ system of body (cell,
tissue, organ)

16. Sign = objective symptom of disease
Symptom = subjective sign of disease
•Ascites, cachexia, cough, dysphagia,
fever, gynecomastia, hemoptysis,
hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, icterus,
lymphadenopathy, palmar erythema
•Chest pain, dizziness, loss of appetite,
weakness, numbness, headache,
toothache

17. Cell
Tissue
Organ
Environment
al factors
Genetic
factors
Change with
adaptation
Hypertrophy /hyperplasia
Atrophy
Metaplasia
Inability
to adapt
Injury
Death
Structural
change
Functional
change
Lesion
Signs
Symptoms

18. The general main causes of disease
Congenital Diseases
Immune disorder:
AIDS, Graves’ disease
Genetic Non genetic
* Familial diseases
* Abnormal Growth & Development
Acquired Diseases
Iatrogenic disease
Inherited :
cystic fibrosis
Spontaneous :
Down’s syndrome
Environmental :
rubella assoc mal-
Accidental : cerebral
palsy ~ birth hypoxia
Inflammation:
appendicitis, TB
Neoplasia: lung CA
Non neoplastic: BPH
Injury, disordered repair:
fracture, aspirin induced PU
Metabolic
disorders: DM
Degeneration:
osteoarthritis
Hemodynamic
disorder : shock, MI
i
ii
Cushing’s syndrome ~ X steroids
Aplastic anemia ~ chloramphenicol
Growth
disorders

19. TACTICAL STUDYTACTICAL STUDY

Learn how?
The study "Comparison" between what is
normal and abnormal human nature.
Compare the same thing. The same type
of structure and function of organs and
tissue cell.

20. Sample comparison
Structure
Normal squamous cell VS abnormal squamous cell
Function of organ, tissue, cell
Normal blood sugar VS abnormal blood sugar

21. Sample comparison

22. Biochemic
al
Microbiolo
gical
Hematolo
gical
Cell/
tissue
culture

23. Learning objective
•The meaning of pathology and
scope of pathology.
2. How to study pathology?
4. The general main causes of disease
3. Techniques of Pathology

24. REFERENCREFERENC
ESES
1. General and systematic Pathology, 4
th
edition, edited by
J.C.E.Underwood, “Introduction to Pathology”
2. Concise Pathology, 3
rd
edition, edited by P.
Chandrasoma ; C.R. Taylor, Introduction : The
Discipline of Pathology, pp xiii – xiv
3. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease,
7
th
edition, edited by Kumar; Abbas; Fausto;
“Introduction to Pathology” pp 4

25. Basic medical science and clinicopathological correlation
Pathology : Disease,
Heart valve stenosis
Structural changes
Cardiac
hypertrophy
Functional changes
Circulation disturbed
C.O.
HR
Murmur heart sound
Compensate
: to be normal
Strength of
heart pump
Over
compensate:
exhaust
Pump failure
Complication:
pulmonary congestion
Pulmonary edema Dyspnea, crepitation
Irregular HR
Clinical problem
dyspnea, crepitation,
murmur
Solution of problem
Clinical DxAortic valve stenosis with left sided failure
Management
Prognosis
Prophylaxis or prevention
Treatment
Surgery
Medical
Other