Patterns of Development in Writing Across Disciplines.pptx

Patterns of Development in Writing Across Disciplines.pptx

1. 1 Patterns of Development in Writing Across Disciplines

2. Methods or techniques in paragraph development (text types/structures) Description Definition Exemplification/ Classification Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem-Solution Persuasion Narration Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response

3. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Once upon a time…

4. Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. BAD DAY My day was a disaster. First, it had snowed during the night, which meant I had to shovel before I could leave for work. I was mad that I hadn't gotten up earlier. Then I had trouble starting my car, and to make matters worse, my daughter wasn't feeling well and said she didn't think she should go to school. When I eventually did arrive at work, I was twenty minutes late. Soon I found out my assistant had forgotten to make copies of a report I needed at nine o'clock. I quickly had to make another plan. By five o'clock, I was looking forward to getting my paycheck. Foolish woman! When I went to pick it up, the office assistant told me that something had gone wrong with the computers. I would not be able to get my check until Tuesday. Disappointed, I walked down the hill to the parking lot. There I met my final defeat. In my hurry to park the car in the morning, I had left my parking lights on. Now my battery was dead. Even an optimist like me had the right to be discouraged! Example:

5. Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. It is the most common type of paragraph development. It has the following elements: Settings Theme Tone Characters Point of view Conflict Plot

6. Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. POINTS TO REMEMBER: Use action verbs and transitional expressions. A story is built around people doing things. Your paragraph/s is/are characterized by words that show action and words that show sequence. Descriptive details in a narrative paragraph are essential to a good story. Details help readers to connect to the world the author envisions. Choose the right words for their meaning and use specific expressions.

7. Methods or techniques in paragraph development (text types/structures) Description Definition Exemplification/ Classification Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem-Solution Persuasion Narration Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response

8. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response handsome brave horny humble

9. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Grow (1999) emphasized that successful descriptions record a series of detailed observations. It is not about what the writer sees, but what the readers need to see, in order to imagine the scene, the person, or the object. He suggested the use of sensory language. He also advised to go light on adjectives and adverbs and to look for ways to describe actions.

10. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response The sun was shining brightly in the clear blue sky, casting warm rays of light onto the lush green grass. The flowers were blooming in a riot of colors, with their delicate petals swaying gently in the breeze. The air was fresh and crisp, with a hint of sweetness that lingered on the tongue. The birds were singing joyfully, their melodious tunes filling the air with a sense of wonder and magic.

11. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Saltwater marsh, some may say, can eat a cement block for breakfast, and not even the sheriff’s bunker-style office could keep it at bay. Watermarks, outlined with salt crystals, waved across the lower walls, and black mildew spread like blood vessels toward the ceiling. Tiny dark mushrooms hunkered in the corners. The sheriff pulled a bottle from the bottom drawer of his desk and poured them both a double in coffee mugs. They sipped until the sun, as golden and syrupy as the bourbon, slipped into the sea.

12. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Two types of description: Subjective Description Objective Description

13. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Subjective Description - I s the use of opinions to create an image in your mind. The purpose of subjective description is to create an emotional representation of the subject in the reader’s mind. - Description that is based on personal opinion, judgment, feelings, or point of view.

14. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Subjective Description Example: Our lives at home converged around the pleasantly-shaped kitchen table. It was the magnet that drew our family together quite warmly. Cut from the sturdiest oak, the table was tough, smooth, and long enough for my mother, my two sisters, and me to work or play on at the same time. Our favorite light blue ceramic tile, stationed in the right corner, was the table’s sole defense against the ravages of everything from a steaming teapot to the latest red-hot gadget from the Sears catalogue.

15. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Two types of description: Subjective Description Objective Description

16. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Objective Description - T he use of facts to create an image in your mind. - Description that is factual and based on observation and measurements.

17. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Objective Description Example: The kitchen table is rectangular, seventy-two inches long and thirty inches wide. Made of a two-inch-thick piece of oak, its top is covered with a waxy oilcloth patterned in dark red and blue squares against a white background. In the right corner, close to the wall, a square blue ceramic tile serves as the protective base for a brown earthenware teapot. A single white placemat has been set to the left of the tile, with a knife and fork on either side of a white dinner plate, around nine inches in diameter. On the plate are two thick pieces of steak.

18. Methods or techniques in paragraph development (text types/structures) Description Definition Exemplification/ Classification Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem-Solution Persuasion Narration Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response

19. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class

20. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Common methods of definition: 1. By characteristics of features 2. By function 3. By what is not 4. By what is similar to 5. By example 6. By its origin 7. By its effect

21. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Different types of definition: Formal Definition Informal Definition

22. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Formal Definition - The definitions provided in dictionaries.

23. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Different types of definition: Formal Definition Informal Definition

24. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class - The writer uses known words or examples to explain an unknown term Informal Definition - The three common informal definitions are operational definitions, synonyms, and connotations.

25. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories.

26. Exemplification / Classification Exemplification is the most common and effective pattern to explain an idea or point. In developing this kind of paragraph, the writer develops a general statement, with one or more examples to support it. Many of the most effective essays use examples extensively. Exemplification is used in every kind of writing situation to explain and clarify, to add interest and to persuade.

27. Exemplification / Classification Here are some transitional expressions in writing effective exemplification paragraphs: - for instance - namely - to clarify - to illustrate - for example - In short - as an example EXEMPLIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE While the internet offers so many benefits to man, it also has its downsides. One of these is phishing, which refers to the act of obtaining personal information, such as passwords and credit card details. Through online means. In other words, phishing is a form of cybercrime. An an example , let us consider the case of Mr. X. He received an email stating that his Gmail account has been compromised and that he needed to click a link to update personal information. If Mr. X clicks on the link, his personal information will be illegally acquired by cybercriminals.

28. Exemplification / Classification While the internet offers so many benefits to man, it also has its downsides. One of these is phishing, which refers to the act of obtaining personal information, such as passwords and credit card details. Through online means. In other words, phishing is a form of cybercrime. An an example , let us consider the case of Mr. X. He received an email stating that his Gmail account has been compromised and that he needed to click a link to update personal information. If Mr. X clicks on the link, his personal information will be illegally acquired by cybercriminals. EXEMPLIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE

29. Exemplification / Classification While the internet offers so many benefits to man, it also has its downsides. One of these is phishing, which refers to the act of obtaining personal information, such as passwords and credit card details. Through online means. In other words, phishing is a form of cybercrime. An an example , let us consider the case of Mr. X. He received an email stating that his Gmail account has been compromised and that he needed to click a link to update personal information. If Mr. X clicks on the link, his personal information will be illegally acquired by cybercriminals. EXEMPLIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE Classification is used when a writer needs to sort out or arrange subjects to groups or categories based on their common and shared characteristics. Classification groups items into their parts or types.

30. Exemplification / Classification While the internet offers so many benefits to man, it also has its downsides. One of these is phishing, which refers to the act of obtaining personal information, such as passwords and credit card details. Through online means. In other words, phishing is a form of cybercrime. An an example , let us consider the case of Mr. X. He received an email stating that his Gmail account has been compromised and that he needed to click a link to update personal information. If Mr. X clicks on the link, his personal information will be illegally acquired by cybercriminals. EXEMPLIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE Here are some transitional expressions in writing effective classification paragraphs: -the last group -another kind -another -final - as - the first category - are categorized as - the next part -one kind CLASSIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE Earthquakes can be classified into three main types based on the plate movements. The first type is known as a convergent boundary. Also known as destructive plate boundary, this type of earthquake happens when two tectonic plates move toward one another and collide. The second type of earthquake is called the divergent boundary. During this type of earthquake, two plates are forced to move away from each other resulting in a rift zone. The last type is called the conservative plate boundary or transform fault. During this type of earthquake, two tectonic plates slide past one another.

31. Exemplification / Classification While the internet offers so many benefits to man, it also has its downsides. One of these is phishing, which refers to the act of obtaining personal information, such as passwords and credit card details. Through online means. In other words, phishing is a form of cybercrime. An an example , let us consider the case of Mr. X. He received an email stating that his Gmail account has been compromised and that he needed to click a link to update personal information. If Mr. X clicks on the link, his personal information will be illegally acquired by cybercriminals. EXEMPLIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE Here are some transitional expressions in writing effective classification paragraphs: -the last group -another kind -another -final - as - the first category - are categorized as - the next part -one kind Earthquakes can be classified into three main types based on the plate movements. The first type is known as a convergent boundary. Also known as destructive plate boundary, this type of earthquake happens when two tectonic plates move toward one another and collide. The second type of earthquake is called the divergent boundary. During this type of earthquake, two plates are forced to move away from each other resulting in a rift zone. The last type is called the conservative plate boundary or transform fault. During this type of earthquake, two tectonic plates slide past one another. CLASSIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE

32. Exemplification / Classification While the internet offers so many benefits to man, it also has its downsides. One of these is phishing, which refers to the act of obtaining personal information, such as passwords and credit card details. Through online means. In other words, phishing is a form of cybercrime. An an example , let us consider the case of Mr. X. He received an email stating that his Gmail account has been compromised and that he needed to click a link to update personal information. If Mr. X clicks on the link, his personal information will be illegally acquired by cybercriminals. EXEMPLIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE Here are some transitional expressions in writing effective classification paragraphs: -the last group -another kind -another -final - as - the first category - are categorized as - the next part -one kind Earthquakes can be classified into three main types based on the plate movements. The first type is known as a convergent boundary. Also known as destructive plate boundary, this type of earthquake happens when two tectonic plates move toward one another and collide. The second type of earthquake is called the divergent boundary. During this type of earthquake, two plates are forced to move away from each other resulting in a rift zone. The last type is called the conservative plate boundary or transform fault. During this type of earthquake, two tectonic plates slide past one another. CLASSIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE NOTE: Remember that you can use both exemplification and classification in developing a paragraph by simply identifying categories on a particular subject and providing examples or illustration to explain and clarify meaning.

33. Exemplification / Classification While the internet offers so many benefits to man, it also has its downsides. One of these is phishing, which refers to the act of obtaining personal information, such as passwords and credit card details. Through online means. In other words, phishing is a form of cybercrime. An an example , let us consider the case of Mr. X. He received an email stating that his Gmail account has been compromised and that he needed to click a link to update personal information. If Mr. X clicks on the link, his personal information will be illegally acquired by cybercriminals. EXEMPLIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE Here are some transitional expressions in writing effective classification paragraphs: -the last group -another kind -another -final - as - the first category - are categorized as - the next part -one kind Humans are often harmed by pollution. The presence of the hazardous substances brought about by these three major types of pollution: land, air and water gravely affects our health. For instance, a person may acquire skin problems and other deformities from the toxic wastes present in the land that we live in such as garbage, pesticides, heavy metals and other chemicals. Air pollution caused by toxic gases, solid and liquid particles or aerosols, and other hazardous air pollutants adversely contaminate the air that we breathe. Long-term exposure to air pollutants has been linked with diseases of the heart and lungs, cancers and other health problems. Lastly, water pollution observed in our primary water sources like oceans, rivers, and lakes is caused by the presence of industrial wastes, sewage and waste waters, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to be specific. Infectious diseases can be acquired through contaminated water and can cause cholera, jaundice, liver damage and stomach illness in people. CLASSIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE NOTE: Remember that you can use both exemplification and classification in developing a paragraph by simply identifying categories on a particular subject and providing examples or illustration to explain and clarify meaning. Earthquakes can be classified into three main types based on the plate movements. The first type is known as a convergent boundary. Also known as destructive plate boundary, this type of earthquake happens when two tectonic plates move toward one another and collide. The second type of earthquake is called the divergent boundary. During this type of earthquake, two plates are forced to move away from each other resulting in a rift zone. The last type is called the conservative plate boundary or transform fault. During this type of earthquake, two tectonic plates slide past one another.

34. Exemplification / Classification While the internet offers so many benefits to man, it also has its downsides. One of these is phishing, which refers to the act of obtaining personal information, such as passwords and credit card details. Through online means. In other words, phishing is a form of cybercrime. An an example , let us consider the case of Mr. X. He received an email stating that his Gmail account has been compromised and that he needed to click a link to update personal information. If Mr. X clicks on the link, his personal information will be illegally acquired by cybercriminals. EXEMPLIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE Here are some transitional expressions in writing effective classification paragraphs: -the last group -another kind -another -final - as - the first category - are categorized as - the next part -one kind CLASSIFICATION PARAGRAPH EXAMPLE NOTE: Remember that you can use both exemplification and classification in developing a paragraph by simply identifying categories on a particular subject and providing examples or illustration to explain and clarify meaning. Earthquakes can be classified into three main types based on the plate movements. The first type is known as a convergent boundary. Also known as destructive plate boundary, this type of earthquake happens when two tectonic plates move toward one another and collide. The second type of earthquake is called the divergent boundary. During this type of earthquake, two plates are forced to move away from each other resulting in a rift zone. The last type is called the conservative plate boundary or transform fault. During this type of earthquake, two tectonic plates slide past one another.

35. Methods or techniques in paragraph development (text types/structures) Description Definition Exemplification/ Classification Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem-Solution Persuasion Narration Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response

36. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. SIGNAL WORDS

37. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. Also Too Similar Alike Similarly Both In the same way Likewise Just like To compare Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. SIGNAL WORDS

38. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. There are several ways I can prefer to the eating habits of some of my friends in Canada and Brazil. Based on my observations, Canadians love meat and potatoes; However, Brazilians prefer rice and beans. Unlike Americans who favour apple pie for dessert, both Canadians and Brazilians seem to prefer crème brulée and crème caramel. In sum, these are some of the many ways I can state some differences and similarities of the eating habits of some of my friends from Brazil and from Canada. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. SIGNAL WORDS Traffic Signals

39. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. Although the interpretation of traffic signals may seem highly standardized close observation reveals regional variations across this country, distinguishing the East Coast from Central Canada and the West as surely as dominant dialects or political inclinations do. In Montréal, a flashing red traffic light instructs drivers to careen even more wildly through intersections heavily populated with pedestrians and oncoming vehicles. In startling contrast, an amber light in Calgary warns drivers to screech to a halt on the off chance that there might be a pedestrian within 500 metres who might consider crossing at some unspecified time within the current day. In my home town in New Brunswick, finally, traffic lights (along with painted lines and posted speed limits) do not apply to tractors, all-terrain vehicles, or pickup trucks, which together account for most vehicles on the road. In fact, were any observant alien dropped from a space vessel at an unspecified intersection anywhere in this vast land, it could almost certainly orient itself according to the surrounding traffic patterns. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. Traffic Signals

40. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A comparison and contrast paragraph has a unifying idea or purpose of attempting to weigh decisions between two ideas or subjects. It must be balanced in such a way that there is an equal amount of information for each subject to avoid bias. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. Traffic Signals Although the interpretation of traffic signals may seem highly standardized close observation reveals regional variations across this country, distinguishing the East Coast from Central Canada and the West as surely as dominant dialects or political inclinations do. In Montréal, a flashing red traffic light instructs drivers to careen even more wildly through intersections heavily populated with pedestrians and oncoming vehicles. In startling contrast, an amber light in Calgary warns drivers to screech to a halt on the off chance that there might be a pedestrian within 500 metres who might consider crossing at some unspecified time within the current day. In my home town in New Brunswick, finally, traffic lights (along with painted lines and posted speed limits) do not apply to tractors, all-terrain vehicles, or pickup trucks, which together account for most vehicles on the road. In fact, were any observant alien dropped from a space vessel at an unspecified intersection anywhere in this vast land, it could almost certainly orient itself according to the surrounding traffic patterns.

41. Methods or techniques in paragraph development (text types/structures) Description Definition Exemplification/ Classification Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem-Solution Persuasion Narration Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response

42. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Cause and Effect - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. WHAT IS CAUSE? WHAT IS EFFECT?

43. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Cause and Effect - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. WHAT IS CAUSE? reason for an action or condition something that brings about an effect or a result. motive WHAT IS EFFECT? - a change that results when something is done or happens - an event, condition, or situation that is produced by a cause.

44. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Cause and Effect - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Cause and effect are the relationship between two things when one thing makes something else happen. Causation, or cause and effect, is simply an action with a reaction. When an event occurs, its effect impacts the course of the story, often changing the character or later events of a story dramatically. Cause and effect are also very important to plot, moving the action forward. For example , if we eat too much food and do not exercise, we gain weight . Eating food without exercising is the “ cause ;” weight gain is the “ effect .” There may be multiple causes and multiple effects.

45. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Cause and Effect - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. There are many calamities that Jakarta people experience like storm, windy flood, etc. the most common calamities that their country is flood. According to research flood is happen because of many people do not keep the river cleanness so the water blows up in every rainy season. CAUSE: many people do not keep the river cleanness EFFECT: There are many calamities in Jakarta like storm, windy flood, flood and more.

46. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Cause and Effect paragraphs are written for the following purposes: to discuss why a certain phenomenon occurs to discuss the results of a phenomenon, event, feeling, or action to understand a situation/to solve a problem to predict an outcome to entertain to persuade Problem-Solution

47. Methods or techniques in paragraph development (text types/structures) Description Definition Exemplification/ Classification Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem-Solution Persuasion Narration Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response

48. Problem-Solution Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. SIGNAL WORDS

49. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution

50. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution

51. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution

52. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. a text structure in which the author states the problem and lists one or more solution to the problem. portrays a relationship of ideas in a sentence or selection where one idea present the problem and the other provides solution to it. Problem-Solution

53. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Example: One common issue faced by students is procrastination. This often results in missed deadlines and poor academic performance. However, there are ways to overcome this problem. Firstly, setting specific goals and breaking down into smaller, achievable tasks can help students prioritize their work. Secondly, using a planner or calendar to schedule study time and deadlines can help them stay on track. Lastly, taking short breaks practicing time-management techniques can also be helpful avoiding procrastination Problem-Solution

54. Methods or techniques in paragraph development (text types/structures) Description Definition Exemplification/ Classification Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem-Solution Persuasion Narration Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response

55. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Narration - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. TARA FOLKLAND G

56. Description - It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. - A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response EXAMPLE: - Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. - A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. LAUGHTER, THE MEDICINE Laughter is one of the greatest healing devices known to man. Laughter is powerful and can help people in many different ways. It has the power to cure something as little as a bad day or to heal the wounds of a terminally ill person. Laughing has helped create the smile which is the universal sign of well-being. Generally, individuals who do not laugh live miserably and have unhappy lives. Dr. Robert Holden found out that smiling and laughing releases endorphins in the brain which gives people a overall happy well-being. Using comedy, many doctors have stimulated the healing process in manic depressants and fatally ill patients giving them hope and ambition. In many clinics laughter is being used in replacing anti- depressants and reduces the need for pain killers. (Dr. Gael Crystal). Take comedians for example, they usually live long and happy lives. Putting a smile on faces and laughs in souls is what makes life complete. Laughter helps heal people and brightens spirits for a better and healthier life. Laughing is a sign of joy and hope and keeps people normal and the world happy. Using the techniques of laughter and happiness is the best medicine known to man. Laughter is the universal sign of well-being and happiness within health. Laughing brightens the spirit and heals the mind and body of people who allow it to overcome them. Therefore, try a smile and laugh on for size and live a longer happier life with loved ones. (Source: http://english120.pbworks.com ) -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another.

57. Methods or techniques in paragraph development (text types/structures) Description Definition Exemplification/ Classification Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem-Solution Persuasion Narration Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response

58. Methods or techniques in paragraph development (text types/structures) Description Definition Exemplification/ Classification Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem-Solution Persuasion Narration Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Division and Classification Process Analysis Process analysis explains how to do something (play a computer game, change a tire), how to make something (a butterfly sanctuary), or how something happens (how the modern firehouse has evolved). Specifically, it explains a sequence of actions with a specified result (the process) by dividing it into its component steps (the analysis). Basically, it answers the question how something happens

59. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Process Analysis 1 2 3 4 5 What is the purposes of process analysis? Process analysis explains how to do something (play a computer game, change a tire), how to make something (a butterfly sanctuary), or how something happens (how the modern firehouse has evolved). Specifically, it explains a sequence of actions with a specified result (the process) by dividing it into its component steps (the analysis). Basically, it answers the question how something happens

60. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Process Analysis 1 2 3 4 5 All process analyses usually follow a chronological sequence, especially a directive analysis, in which order is important to the desired outcome. For both types of process analysis, however, it is often useful to create phases or stages, which, in turn, can be divided into steps. Both phases/stages and steps should be presented in proper sequence. What are the two main type of process analysis? How IS a PROCESS ANALYSIS USUALLY ORGANIZED?

61. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Process Analysis 1 2 3 4 5 What are the two main type of process analysis? EXAMPLE: Building a table is a simple, three-stage process of cutting, assembling, and finishing.In this example, the main point of the process is reflected in the word simple, which suggests the ease of the process. The words cutting, assembling, and assembling obviously suggest the stages . A reason for the process: Changing a tire does not require a mechanic’s skill: on the contrary, a ten-year-old child can do it. (emphasizes its ease) A more general principal: The process of getting a bill through Congress illustrates majority rule at work. (emphasizes its relation to an important political principle) An assertion that the process is inefficient or unfair: The overly complicated registration procedure forces students to waste time standing in long lines What kind of transitional expressions are used in process analysis? -In order for readers to grasp the time and place of each stage or step in the process, these and similar signal words help keep the chronological sequence straight: after five minutes, meanwhile, to the left, before pumping the jack, and below.

62. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Process Analysis 1 2 3 4 5 What kind of transitional expressions are used in process analysis? EXAMPLE: Building a table is a simple, three-stage process of cutting, assembling, and finishing.In this example, the main point of the process is reflected in the word simple, which suggests the ease of the process. The words cutting, assembling, and assembling obviously suggest the stages . A reason for the process: Changing a tire does not require a mechanic’s skill: on the contrary, a ten-year-old child can do it. (emphasizes its ease) A more general principal: The process of getting a bill through Congress illustrates majority rule at work. (emphasizes its relation to an important political principle) An assertion that the process is inefficient or unfair: The overly complicated registration procedure forces students to waste time standing in long lines -In order for readers to grasp the time and place of each stage or step in the process, these and similar signal words help keep the chronological sequence straight: after five minutes, meanwhile, to the left, before pumping the jack, and below.

63. Methods or techniques in paragraph development (text types/structures) Description Definition Exemplification/ Classification Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem-Solution Persuasion Narration Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Division and Classification Process Analysis

64. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Division and Classification -Division is the process of breaking a whole into parts ; Classification is the process of sorting individual items into categories.

65. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Division and Classification Through classification and division, readers can understand what might appear to them to be unassociated ideas because your logical method has identified relationships between them all. Importance Division and classification thought is a way of organizing and dealing with complex and/or abundant information in order to provide additional understanding. Essays using a classification and division pattern have topic sentences and units of support for each group or class. Why do we use division and classification?

66. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Division and Classification -Classification and division are essential not just in writing but also in everyday concepts. These two processes enable us humans to have some sense of order and predictability in an otherwise chaotic and unpredictable life. Why are classification and division important in paragraph development?

67. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Division and Classification -Classification and division is a rhetorical style that, in essay format, takes a whole, splits it up into parts, and then places the divided information into various categories. Classification and division is a rhetorical style that, in essay format, takes a whole, splits it up into parts, and then places the divided information into various categories. What is the explanation of classification and division?

68. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Division and Classification - Classification-Division Pattern This pattern allows you to either divide a topic into its component parts, or to categorize (or classify) a group of related items or events. When dividing you begin with one central topic and break that down into multiple parts. Think about medicine. What is classification and division in patterns of development?

69. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Division and Classification -The purpose of classification is to break down broad subjects into smaller, more manageable, more specific parts. We classify things in our daily lives all the time, often without even thinking about it. Cell phones, for example, have now become part of a broad category. The Purpose of Dividing & Classifying

70. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Division and Classification -The purpose of classification is to break down broad subjects into smaller, more manageable, more specific parts. We classify things in our daily lives all the time, often without even thinking about it. Cell phones, for example, have now become part of a broad category. The Purpose of Dividing & Classifying Classification paragraph example

71. Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Division and Classification -The purpose of classification is to break down broad subjects into smaller, more manageable, more specific parts. We classify things in our daily lives all the time, often without even thinking about it. Cell phones, for example, have now become part of a broad category. The Purpose of Dividing & Classifying Classification paragraph example

72. Methods or techniques in paragraph development (text types/structures) Description Definition Exemplification/ Classification Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem-Solution Persuasion Narration Narration -Is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. -A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and established facts. It describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened. Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Exemplification/ Classification - It groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction between related or similar ideas. - In a classification paragraph, the writer tells the readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. -A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. Cause and Effect -An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Problem-Solution -It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solution . - Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. Persuasion -It intends to convince readers to do or believe in something. -A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another. Definition -Explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is. -Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, we should take account of these things: the term to be defined the class to which the term belongs the characteristics that distinguish the terms from the other members of its class Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Description - Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. -A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in mind of the reader. It appeals to the reader’s response Division and Classification Process Analysis