Patterns of speciation- Allopatric, Sympatric, Parapatric and Peripatric

Patterns of speciation- Allopatric, Sympatric, Parapatric and Peripatric with examples
Ecology and Evolution

1. Anagenesis
Original species is transformed
into a different species over
many generations


Patterns of Speciation

Cladogenesis
Pattern of branching in which an ancestral
species gives rise to two or more new
species

1
klados=branch

Common

Branching evolution


Promotes biological
diversity -
No. Of species
Ana= new genos= race


Rare
Phyletic evolution
One taxon replaces the
other

2. Types of Speciation
Allopatric Speciation
2
Original
species
Geographical
Barrier
New
species

3. Allopatric

●Grand Canyon
●Kaibab and Abert squirrels

3
Alios= other

4. Types of Speciation
Allopatric Speciation
4
Sympatric Speciation
Original
species
Genetic
polymorphism
New
species

5. SYMPATRIC

● Hawthorn flies and
apple flies
●Genetically Isolated
while in the same
place


5
sym=togather

6. Types of Speciation
Allopatric Speciation
6
Sympatric SpeciationParapatric Speciation
Original
species
New niche
formed
New
species
Adjacent
niche

7. Parapatric

●Grass growing in areas
contaminated with heavy
metals
●Not reproductively
isolated
●Reduced gene flow


7
Anthoxanthum odoratum

8. Types of Speciation
Allopatric Speciation
8
Sympatric SpeciationParapatric SpeciationPeripatric Speciation
Original
species
New
species
New niche
formed
Isolated
niche

9. Peripatric

●Mainland Vs Island flies
●Reproductively Isolated
●“Founder effect”


9
peri= periphery