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1. The Morbi Bridge Collapse: A Case Study in Structural Failure

2. Morbi Bridge Collapse (2022) An Accident Due to Technical & Structural Failure Presented Made by: Abhaykumar Vishwakarma (57) Aryan Yadav (60) Branch: I.T. | Semester: 5 Guided by: Dr. Sweta Paliwal

3. Content 1 Introduction & Objectives 2 Background of the Historic Bridge 3 The Tragic Accident 4 Causes of Collapse 5 Impact & Recovery Efforts 6 Lessons Learned & Recommendations 7 Conclusion

4. Introduction to the Morbi Bridge Disaster The Morbi Bridge, a 143-year-old suspension bridge originally built in 1879, was a historical landmark in Gujarat, India. After extensive renovation, the bridge was reopened to the public in October 2022. Tragically, just four days later, on 30 October 2022, it collapsed. This devastating accident resulted in the deaths of 135 people and left over 180 injured, highlighting critical issues in infrastructure safety and maintenance.

5. Objectives of This Case Study 1 Analyzing Technical Failures To dissect the engineering and structural deficiencies that directly contributed to the bridge's collapse. 2 Understanding Lapses To identify the critical maintenance and safety oversights, including regulatory and managerial failures. 3 Proposing Preventive Measures To develop actionable recommendations for enhancing safety protocols in future infrastructure projects and renovations.

6. Background of the Historic Morbi Bridge The Morbi Bridge, located in Morbi, Gujarat, stretched majestically over the Machchhu River. It was an iconic suspension bridge, a relic from the British colonial era, commissioned in 1879. For decades, it served as a vital pedestrian link and a popular tourist attraction. Prior to its collapse, its operation and maintenance were under the purview of the Oreva Group, a private company.

7. The Tragic Accident: What Unfolded On the evening of 30 October 2022, during the bustling festival season, the Morbi Bridge was dangerously overcrowded with approximately 400–500 people. At around 6:30 PM, the unthinkable happened: the main suspension cables snapped, causing the bridge deck to plummet into the Machchhu River below. Immediate rescue operations were launched, involving the Indian Army, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), and local volunteers, working tirelessly to save lives from the rapidly flowing waters.

8. Causes of Collapse: Technical & Managerial Failures Technical Failures Severe corrosion and weakening of the main suspension cables, which were not replaced during renovation. Inadequate replacement and repair of critical bearings and anchor points. Absence of post-renovation load capacity testing to ensure structural integrity under real-world conditions. Managerial Failures The bridge was reopened prematurely without obtaining the mandatory safety certificate from municipal authorities. Gross overcrowding, far exceeding the bridge's stipulated load capacity, was permitted. Systematic lack of regular inspections and adherence to comprehensive maintenance protocols.

9. Impact of the Disaster Human Loss 135 people died, and over 180 were injured, leading to immense suffering and loss for families and the community. Economic Impact Significant compensation was provided by both state and central governments to the victims and their families. Social Impact The disaster sparked widespread public outrage and protests against negligence, demanding accountability from authorities and private contractors. Legal Action A First Information Report (FIR) was filed, leading to the arrest of several contractors and officials involved in the bridge's operation and maintenance.

10. RESCUE & RECOVERY Following the tragic collapse, a massive and immediate rescue and recovery operation was launched to save lives and retrieve victims from the Machchhu River. Multi-agency Effort: The Indian Army, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Indian Navy, Indian Air Force, and local police, along with a large number of local volunteers, swiftly mobilized to the site. Challenges: Rescue efforts were complicated by darkness, the rapidly flowing river, and the sheer number of victims trapped under the debris or in the water. Victim Assistance: Efforts focused on pulling survivors from the river, providing immediate medical aid, and transporting the injured to nearby hospitals. Body Recovery: Divers and rescue personnel worked tirelessly to locate and recover the bodies of those who perished in the disaster.

11. RESCUE & RECOVERY

12. Lessons Learned from Morbi Mandatory Certification All old structures must undergo rigorous inspection and be certified by qualified engineers before being reopened to the public. Compulsory Safety Audits Regular and comprehensive safety audits must be a compulsory and non-negotiable requirement for all public infrastructure. Embrace Modern Technology Utilise cutting-edge monitoring technologies, such as sensors and advanced load testing, for continuous structural health assessment. Strict Accountability Implement stringent accountability frameworks for private contractors entrusted with the maintenance and renovation of public infrastructure.

13. Preventive Measures: Future Recommendations Government-Certified Safety Clearances: No public infrastructure should be accessible without explicit safety clearances from authorised government bodies. Rigorous Load Tests and Trial Runs: Conduct thorough load tests and trial runs under simulated real-world conditions before reopening any renovated or new bridges. Use of Corrosion-Resistant Materials: Prioritise the use of advanced, corrosion-resistant materials and robust engineering practices in all renovation and construction projects. Effective Crowd Control Systems: Implement sophisticated crowd control systems, including limiting entry tickets, to prevent overcrowding on vulnerable structures. Independent Safety Authorities: Establish autonomous, apolitical safety authorities dedicated to conducting impartial audits and ensuring compliance for all infrastructure projects.

14. Conclusion Morbi bridge collapse was not just a structural failure but also a failure of management and safety regulations . With proper inspection, certification, and modern engineering practices , such tragedies can be prevented in future. The disaster underscored the critical need for strict accountability from all parties involved in public infrastructure projects. It serves as a stark reminder of the importance of continuous monitoring and adherence to safety protocols to safeguard human lives.

15. References Here are some key sources and reports related to the Morbi Bridge Collapse: "Morbi bridge collapse: All you need to know about the tragedy that killed 135 people". The Economic Times , October 31, 2022. "Gujarat bridge collapse: 134 killed as recently renovated cable bridge snaps in Morbi". India Today , October 30, 2022. "Gujarat: Morbi bridge maintenance firm got 10-year contract without tender, FIR says". The Indian Express , October 31, 2022. "Morbi bridge collapse: Official inquiry report points to major lapses". NDTV , December 26, 2022. Various news reports and official statements from the Government of Gujarat and central authorities regarding rescue operations and investigations.

16. Thank You