PCR (Polymerase chain reaction).pptx

A basic Knowledege on Molecular level of study

1. PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) - Yubraj

2. History Developed by Dr. Kary Mullis in 1983 This method has in the field of molecular biology an irreplaceable role and constitutes one of the basic methods for DNA analysis. 

3. Principle: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology used for quick and easy amplifying DNA sequences, which is based on the principle of enzymatic replication of the nucleic acids. 

4. Steps involved DENATURATION ANNEALING EXTENSION

5. 1) DENATURATION Refers breaking down of DNA molecules into single stranded. Temperature: 92°c- 94°c

6. 2) Annealing Primers bind to their complimentary sequences T emperature: 50-70°c depending on the melting temperature of the expected duplex.

7. 3) Extension DNA polymerase binds to the annealed primers and extends DNA at the 3’ end of the chain. Time: 0.5-3 minutes Temperature: 72°c

8. Advantage Small amount of DNA is required per test Result obtained more quickly usually within 1 day of PCR Used to detect point mutations. Usually not necessary to use radioactive materials for PCR

9. Applications PCR allows isolation of DNA fragments from genomic DNA by selective amplification of a specific region of DNA. Can be used to identify genetic relationships between individuals such as parents-child or siblings. Used in forensic medicine.etc