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language acquisition

1. CHAPTER 3: SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

2. LESSONS 1: STRUCTURAL LINGUISTIC AND BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY

3. By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to understand and apply the principles of structural linguistics and behavioral psychology to analyze language structures and behaviors, enhancing their comprehension of language acquisition and usage. O bjectives:

4. Language, learning, and teaching definitions are widely accepted by linguists, psychologists, and educators. However, disagreements arise among scholars, often over primacy. Historical patterns in second language acquisition study reveal three schools of thought, primarily in linguistics and psychology, with overlaps in chronological components. These differing perspectives highlight trends and fashions in the field, but are not simplistic. I ntroduction

5. Structural Linguistic • It is defined as a study of language based on the theory that language is a structured system of f ormal units, such as sentence and syntax. • Leonard Bloomfield is the one who led the structural Linguistic, but it was developed by Ferdinand De Saussure

6. Characteristics: Only publicly observable responses could be subject to investigation. The linguist task was to describe human language and to identify the structural characteristics of those languages. An important axiom was that languages can differ from each other without limit, and that no preconceptions could apply across languages.

7. Any notion of “idea” or “meaning” is explanatory fiction, and that the speaker is merely the locus of verbal behavior, not the cause. (B.F. Skinner’s Verbal Behavior, 1957) Language could be dismantled into small pieces or units and that these units could be described scientifically, contrasted, and added up again to form the whole.

8. The Grammar translation Method “ T he main purpose of second language study is to build knowledge of the structure of the l anguage either as a tool for literary research and translation or for the development of the learner's logical powers. And that the process of second language learning must be deductive, requires effort, and must be carried out with constant reference to the learner's native language”.

9. Strengths: h elps learner grasp grammar in easy way k nowledge in foundation the basic structure before the complex grammar s upports proper use of the language in verbal and written expression i nductive method goes from the part of the whole c omprehension

10. Behavioral Psychology The study of how our behaviors relates to our mind. Characteristics: Focused on publicly observable responses – those that can be objectively perceived, recorded, and measured. Scientific method was rigorously adhered to, and therefore such concepts as consciousness and intuition were regarded as mentalistic, illegitimate domains of inquiry.

11. Behavioral Models: Classical and operant conditioning Rote verbal learning Instrumental learning Discrimination learning Other empirical approaches to studying human behavior

12. “The origins of behavioral psychology start with John B. Watson in 1913, who proposed that psychologists should focus on the observable behavior of individuals, rather than the invisible, i nner workings of their minds”.

13. Behaviorist Theory • B.F Skinner is the developer for this theory •"The act of immitation and recieves an stimuli or reward for successfully learning a language" •"The tabula rasa theory in which a child is a blank page and is shaped by the elders surround him".

14. Thank You