Pearl Millet

presentation on pearl millet including its introduction, importance, biological description, floral biology, and selfing and crossing techniques.

1. Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics Supervisor: Dr. Mehmood-ul-Hassan Presented By Muhammad Hassan Asadi Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi 20-ARID-3018 20-ARID-3004 PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 1

2. Pearl Millet PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 2

3. Introduction PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 3

4. Importance PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 4

5. Area Under Cultivation PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 5

6. Nutritional Composition PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 6

7. Nutritive Value Nutrients Composition Energy (kcal) 363 Calcium (mg) 42 Iron (mg) 11 Thiamin (mg) 0.38 Riboflavin (mg) 0.21 Niacin (mg) 2.80 PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 7

8. Uses PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 8

9. Biological Description PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 9

10. Floral Biology PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 10 upper

11. Inflorescence PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 11

12. Flower A spikelet may contain generally two florets. Lower floret is staminate Upper floret is bisexual or hermaphrodite PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 12

13. Floral Structure PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 13

14. Androecium PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 14

15. Gynoecium PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 15

16. Floral Diagram PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 16

17. Selfing & Crossing Techniques PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 17

18. Anthesis PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 18 The stigmas begin to appear two to three days after emergence of the spike. The anthers emerge after the stigma dries up, thus it is protogynous in nature which induces cross-pollination even though the bisexual flower Anther emergence occurs in two phases. Style divides into two branches in its upper part Stigma takes 12 to 24 hours to protrude and open out and remains receptive for one to two days.

19. Selfing Bag the spikes before the emergence of stigma. Length of bag must be such that lower most spikelets , which will be emerging later, could be covered. These spikes are such that the older one sheds pollen when the stigma emerges in the second spike. Label it with lead pencil. PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 19

20. Crossing PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 20

21. Other Methods PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 21

22. Work Done in World PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 22

23. Approved Varieties PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 23 PARC-MS-1 PARC-MS-2 PARC-MS-3 PARC-MS-4 PARC-MS-5 18-BY (Yield Potential = 2817 kg/ha) YBS-98 (Yield Potential = 4033 kg/ha) Grain Yield 2000-2500 kg/ha Developed by NARC Developed by AARI

24. Conclusion Pearl millet is a resilient, nutritious, and versatile grain with significant agricultural, nutritional, and economic benefits. It has been recognized as a gluten-free alternative and has the potential to cater to the growing demand for gluten-free products worldwide. Its deep root system helps prevent soil erosion and enhances water use efficiency, and its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen reduces the reliance on chemical fertilizers. It is worth attention, investment, and promotion to unlock its full potential and create a more sustainable and resilient food system . PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 24

25. Thank you for your time and attention, and I hope you have found this presentation informative and engaging  . PBG-502 Breeding Fodder & Forage Crops 25