PEER EDUCATORS TRAINING PRESENTATION.pptx

this presentation talks about peer education.

1. PEER EDUCATORS TRAINING. SEXUAL TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS.

2. INTRODUCTION. Sexual transmitted infections are infections transmitted through sexual contact, caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites. The common types of STIs include ; 1.Gonorrhoea – Caused by bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae , can infect the genital tract, mouth and rectum. Symptoms can include painful urination and abnormal discharge. 2.Syphilis – Caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum , it progresses through stages and can lead to serious health issues if untreated. Early stages typically present a painless sore at the infection site. 3.Chlamydia – Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis , it often has no symptoms but can cause serious reproduction and other health problems if left untreated. 4. Human Papillomavirus (HPV): A very common virus with many types, some of which can cause genital warts and others that can lead to cervical cancer and other cancers. 5. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): HSV-1 typically causes oral herpes (cold sores), while HSV-2 typically causes genital herpes. Both can cause sores and other symptoms. 6. Trichomoniasis: Caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis , it can cause itching, burning, and discharge, but many infected people do not show symptoms. 7. Hepatitis B and C: These viruses can be transmitted sexually and affect the liver, potentially leading to chronic liver disease. 8.Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): This virus attacks the body's immune system, and if not treated, it can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is a lifelong condition, but modern treatments can manage the infection

3. Background. KEY FACTS . More than 1 million curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide in people 15–49 years old, the majority of which are asymptomatic. In 2020 there were are an estimated 374 million new infections in people 15–49 years with 1 of 4 curable STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea , syphilis and trichomoniasis. An estimated 8 million adults between 15 and 49 years old were infected with syphilis in 2022. More than 500 million people aged 15–49 years are estimated to have a genital infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV or herpes) (1). Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with over 311 000 cervical cancer deaths each year (2). 1.1 million pregnant women were estimated to be infected with syphilis in 2022, resulting in over 390 000 adverse birth outcomes. STIs have a direct impact on sexual and reproductive health through stigmatization, infertility, cancers and pregnancy complications and can increase the risk of HIV. Drug resistance is a major threat to reducing the burden of STIs worldwide.

4. Signs and Symptoms. GIRLS. Abnormal discharge from the vagina (smelly). Sores or rashes on the vagina / anal area. Pain while passing urine. Itching of private parts. Lower abdominal pain. Unusual vaginal bleeding. Pain during sex. BOYS. Discharge from the penis . Sores and rashes on the penis or anal area. Pain while passing urine. Itching of the private parts. Lower abdominal pain.

5. Prevention and Treatment. There are many ways to avoid or lower your risk of getting an STD. Avoid sex or sexual activity. The most effective way to avoid STDs is to not have sex. Stay with one uninfected partner. Staying in a long-term relationship in which both people have sex only with each other and neither partner is infected can be one way to avoid an STD. Wait and test. Avoid vaginal and anal sex or sexual activity with new partners until you have both been tested for sexually transmitted infections. Oral sex may be less risky. But STIs can still spread if a person doesn't use a condom (latex or polyurethane) or a dental dam. These barriers prevent skin-to-skin contact between the oral and genital mucous membranes. Get vaccinated. Getting vaccinated before having sex can prevent certain types of sexually transmitted infections. Vaccines are available to prevent STDs caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Use condoms and dental dams consistently and correctly. Use a new latex or polyurethane condom or dental dam for each sex act, whether oral, vaginal or anal. Never use an oil-based lubricant, such as petroleum jelly, with a latex condom or dental dam. Also, these types of barriers give less protection for STDs involving exposed genital sores, such as HPV or herpes. Nonbarrier forms of contraception, such as birth control pills or intrauterine devices (IUDs), don't protect against STIs. Don't drink alcohol excessively or use illegal drugs. If you're under the influence of these substances, you’re more likely to take sexual risks. Talk to your partner. Before any sexual contact, talk to your partner about practicing safer sex. Be sure you clearly agree on what activities will and won't be OK. Think about male circumcision. For men, evidence has found that circumcision can help lower the risk of getting HIV from a woman with HIV by as much as 60%. Male circumcision may also help prevent spread of genital HPV and genital herpes. Think about using preexposure prophylaxis ( PrEP ). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two combination medicines to lower the risk of HIV infection in people who are at very high risk. The medicines are emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada) and emtricitabine plus tenofovir alafenamide fumarate ( Descovy ). These medicines must be taken every day, exactly as prescribed.

6. Treatment and Diagnosis. Diagnosis of an STD starts with your sexual history and current symptoms. If these suggest that you have an STD, your health care professional may do a physical or pelvic exam to look for signs of infection. Some signs of infection are a rash, warts or discharge. Tests Lab tests can find the cause of STD symptoms. They can also find sexually transmitted infections without symptoms. Blood tests. Blood tests can confirm the diagnosis of HIV or later stages of syphilis. Urine samples. Some STDs can be confirmed with a urine sample. Fluid samples. If you have open genital sores, your health care professional may test fluid and samples from the sores to diagnose the type of infection. Screening Testing for an STD or sexually transmitted infection in someone who doesn't have symptoms is called screening. Most of the time, STI screening is not a routine part of health care. But when a person's risk for getting an STD changes, a health care professional may suggest screening. The risk level may change when a person is in a new setting with a higher risk, such as a prison or jail. Or it can be based on factors such as if a person has a history of sexually transmitted infections.

7. Treatment. STDs may be treated in different ways based on the causes. Sexually transmitted infections caused by bacteria are generally easier to treat. STI infections caused by viruses can be managed and treated but not always cured. If you are pregnant and have an STD, getting treatment right away can prevent or lower the risk of your baby becoming infected. Treatment for sexually transmitted infections usually consists of one of the following, depending on the infection: 1.Antibiotics . Antibiotics, often in a single dose, can cure many STIs caused by bacteria or parasites, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. It's important to avoid sexual activity until seven days after you've completed antibiotic treatment and any sores have healed. Experts also suggest people diagnosed with chlamydia be retested three months after treatment because there's a high chance of reinfection.

8. Treatment. 2.Antiviral drugs. If you have herpes or HIV, your doctor may prescribe medicine that keeps a viral infection from getting worse, called an antiviral medicine. Antiviral medicines can keep HIV infection in check for many years. But you will still carry the virus and can still spread it, though the risk is lower. The sooner you start HIV treatment, the more effective it is. If you take your medicines as directed, it's possible to lower the viral load in the blood so that it can't be found. At that point, you won't spread the virus to sex partners. The sooner you start HIV treatment, the more effective it is. If you take your medicines as directed, it's possible to lower the viral load in the blood so that it can't be found. At that point, you won't spread the virus to sex partners. 3.Antiparasitic Medications : Used to treat trichomoniasis.