Pelton turbine

Parts and velocity triangles of pelton turbine.

1. PELTON TURBINE SUBMITTED BY: RAHUL KUMAR BHATIYA M. Tech (2nd sem.) 17M702 SUBMITTED TO: Dr. S. S. CHANDEL CEEE, NIT HAMIRPUR

2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION PELTON TURBINE PARTS OF PELTON TURBINE HYDRO POWER REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work. Water turbines are mostly found in dams to generate electric power from water kinetic energy.[1]

4. INTRODUCTION The  Pelton wheel is an impulse type water turbine. It was invented by Lester Allan Pelton  in the 1870s. The Pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine. The Pelton wheel is most efficient in high head applications.[2]

5. PELTON TURBINE Two types – Horizontal pelton turbine Vertical pelton turbine

6. PELTON TURBINE Two types – Horizontal arrangement pelton turbine Horizontal arrangement is found only in medium and small sized turbines with usually one or two jets.

7. PELTON TURBINE Vertical arrangement pelton turbine – Large Pelton turbines with many jets are normally arranged with vertical shaft. The jets are symmetrically distributed around the runner to balance the jet forces.

8. Parts of pelton turbine PENSTOCK RUNNER CASING SPEAR ROD DEFLECTOR NOZZLE BRAKE NOZZLE

9. PENSTOCK Penstock is a solid pipe which take water from the dam and take it to the turbine at very high speed.

10. BUCKETS Each pelton turbine has a specific number of buckets attached to its runner. Buckets take the impact of water and start to rotate along the runner.

11. RUNNER The Pelton runners may be designed either for casting of the disc and buckets in one piece, i.e. monocast , or the disc and each of the buckets are casted in separate pieces. The buckets are made of cast iron, cast steel bronze or stainless steel depending upon the head at the inlet of the turbine.[3]

12. CASING Casing is an important part of Pelton Turbine unit, which acts as a housing for runner and nozzle tips and the support for Generator. Internal surfaces of casing should be designed to prevent the water, leaving the buckets, deflected back against the runner.[4]

13. SPEAR ROD A spear is provided with in the nozzle and its main function is to increase and decrease the speed of water entering into the turbine. If more water is needed spear move back and allow more to enter into the turbine. If less water is needed spear moves forward.

14. DEFLECTOR Jet deflectors have the function of diverting the water flow or part of it between the nozzle and the rotor in such a way that it does not hit the buckets. These may be used for an emergency stop.

15. DEFLECTOR If the power has to be reduced quickly, the governor moves the jet deflector into the jet, thus diverting part of the water from the buckets and reducing the power transferred to the rotor. The governor then adjusts the discharge by slowly moving the needle.

16. NOZZLE Nozzle is provided at end of pen stock and its main function is to increase the velocity of the water and to direct it to the buckets of the turbine.

17. BRAKE NOZZLE When turbine is need to be stopped then water is thrown at the back of the buckets from another nozzle called brake nozzle.[5]

18. VELOCITY TRIANGLE α = Nozzle angle Θ = Vane angle at inlet  ϕ = Vane angle at outlet  β = Angle between V2 and U2 V1, V2 = Absolute velocity at inlet and outlet Vr1, Vr2 = Relative velocity of jet at inlet and outlet Vw1,Vw2 = Whirl velocity at inlet and outlet Vf1,Vf2 = Flow velocity at inlet and outlet

19. VELOCITY TRIANGLE

20. Specific Speed Of A Turbine The Specific Speed  of a turbine is the speed in rotations per minute ( r.p.m .) at which a similar model of the turbine would run under a head of 1ft. when of such size as to develop 1 H.P.

21. HYDRO POWER China produces the most electricity from hydroelectric power, some 856.4 billion kilowatt hours a year, more than double the amount produced by Brazil, in second place.[6]

22. HYDRO POWER

23. REFERENCE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_turbine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelton_wheel https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/pelton-turbine/2894/ http://www.engineeringmechanics.cz/pdf/20_2_077.pdf http://www.green-mechanic.com/2014/06/pelton-wheel-turbine.html https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/which-countries-produce-the-most-hydroelectric-power/