People's Resistance Against British Before 1857.pdf

Most of us think of the 1857 Revolt as the first major show of resentment against the British who were represented by the rule of the East India Company. However, there were many incidents before the 1857 revolt that indicated all was not well and that there was a building resentment against the alien rule. This resentment manifested itself in several bouts of resistance by different groups of people in different regions of India.

1. Muruganantham Selvaraju, IAS Aspirant

2. CONTENTS
01Overview 02 Causes of Uprisings
03 Important Civil
Uprisings
04 Peasant and Tribal
Uprisings

3. 01

4. Definition of
"people" including
various sections of
Indian society.
Examples of urban
movements in
Benares, Surat,
and Bareilly.
Convergence of
different interests
with a common
objective.
People's Resistance Against British Rule
Introduction

5. Three Broad Forms
Civil rebellions. Peasant
movements.
Tribal uprisings. Brief mention of
military revolts.
Forms of Resistance

6. 02

7. Major Factors for Resentment
Colonial land
revenue
settlements
and heavy
burden of new
taxes.
Loss of tribal
people's hold
over lands due
to revenue
administration
expansion.
Exploitation
in rural
society.
Promotion of
British
manufactured
goods
harming
Indian
industries.
Destruction of
indigenous
industries and
resultant
migration.
Causative Factors

8. Major Causes
Personal scores of
dispossessed
zamindarsand
poligarswith new
rulers.
Hurt pride of
traditional
zamindarsand
poligars.
Ruin of
handicraft
industries.
Changes in economy,
administration, and
land revenue system
under Company rule.
Hatred
instigated by
priestly classes.
Contemptuous
treatment by
British rulers.
Specific Causes of Civil Uprisings

9. Semi-feudal
leaders with
traditional outlook.
Result of local
causes and
grievances.
Localized in
consequences.
General
Characteristics
Characteristics of Civil Uprisings

10. 03

11. 780K+
Sanyasi Revolt (1763-1800)
Causes and leaders like MajnumShah, ChiragAli,
Musa Shah, BhawaniPathak, Debi Chaudhurani.
Novel by BankimChandra Chattopadhyay.
Revolt in Midnapore and Dhalbhum (1766 -74)
British control and zamindars' sided with ryots.
Leaders like DamodarSingh and Jagannath
Dhal.
Revolt of Moamarias (1769-99)
Challenge to Ahomkings’ authority in Assam.
Leaders and repercussions involving British
help.
Select Uprisings

12. Civil Uprisings in Gorakhpur,
Bastiand Bahraich(1781)
British officers as izaradars
and people's response.
Major Alexander Hannay's
oppression.
Revolt of Raja of Vizianagaram(1794)
Treaty betrayal by British and the Raja's
resistance.
Battle and capture of Raja.
Revolt of Dhundiain Bednur(1799-1800)
Aftermath of Mysore conquest.
DhundiaWagh'sleadership and
rebellion.
British suppression of revolt.
Resistanceof Kerala VarmaPazhassiRaja
(1797; 1800-05)
Violation of agreements by British.
Mass resistance and leadership by Kerala Varma.
Guerilla warfare and PazhassiRaja's death.
Civil Rebellion in Awadh(1799)
Wazir Ali Khan’s
conflict with British.
Massacre of
Benares and
aftermath.
Other Key Uprisings

13. Prolonged resistance by zamindars.
Leaders like StrikaraBhanjand
DhananjayaBhanj.
British efforts to suppress revolts.
Uprisings in Ganjamand Gumsur
(1800, 1835-37)
01
Political and land-related crises.
Colonel Jones's campaign
against BhukhanSingh.
Uprisings in Palamau (1800-02)
02
Resistance in Southern India over
taxation and sovereignty.
Leaders like Kattabomman Nayakan
and his revolt.
Poligars' Revolt (1795-1805)
03
Jats' rebellion and fortified resistance.
British suppression with military force.
Uprising in Bhiwani (1809)
04
Oppression by British conditions in
Travancore.
VeluThampi'scall to arms and
subsequent defeat.
DiwanVeluThampi'sRevolt (1808-1809)
05
Bundelachiefs' resistance to British.
Leaders like LakshamanDawaand
GopalSingh.
Disturbances in Bundelkhand(1808-12)
06
Extended Uprisings

14. 04

15. Narkelberia
Uprising led
by Titu Mir.
The Pagal
Panthis'
resistance
led by Karam
Shah’s son
Tipu.
Faraizi Revolt
led by
Shariat-
Allah and
Dadu Mian.
Key Peasant Uprisings
Moplah
Uprisings
against
revenue
demands.
Peasant Movements

16. Mainland Tribal Uprisings
North-East Frontier Tribal Uprisings
Pahariyas' Rebellion against British expansion.
ChuarUprising due to famine and land revenue issues.
SanthalRebellion by Sidhuand Kanhuagainst zamindars.
KhondUprisings led by Chakra Bisoi.
KhasiUprising led by TirathSingh.
SingphosRebellion with repeated uprisings.
Tribal Movements

17. Characteristics of Tribal Revolts
Tribal identity
and ethnic
ties.
Resentment
against laws
imposed by
foreign
government.
Messiah-like
figures
leading revolts.
Use of
outdated
arms against
modern
weapons.
Characteristics and Common Causes

18. Vellore Mutiny (1806)
against interference in
social and religious
practices.
Mutinies in Bengal,
Assam, and Sholapur.
Discrimination in payment and
promotions.
Mistreatment by British officials.
Refusal of foreign service
allowance.
Religious objections to service
conditions.
Key Mutinies
Causes of
Discontent
Military Revolts

19. Muruganantham Selvaraju, IAS Aspirant