Periodontium

PERIODONTIUM

1. PERIODONTIUM By: AHMED ALBAYATI. University of Georgia

2. Periodontium Periodontium refers to the specialized tissues that both surround and support the teeth , maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones. The word comes from the Greek terms peri , meaning "around" and – odons , meaning "tooth". It provides the support necessary to maintain the teeth in function.

3. Components of Periodontium It consists of four principal components namely: Gingiva Periodontal ligament (PDL) Cementum Alveolar bone

4. Gingiva The gingiva covers the alveolar bone and the tooth root to a level just coronal to the CEJ TYPES : Free (marginal) gingiva Interdental Gingiva (Papilla) Attached gingiva

5. Mucogingival junction: A clearly defined mucogingival line that demarcates the attached gingiva from the adjacent alveolar mucosa. Clinically the alveolar mucosa is red,smooth and shiny unlike the gingiva which is pink and stippled in appearance.

6. The gingiva consists of Central core of Connective Tissue Stratified Squamous Epithelium Fibers Ground Substance Cells Keratinized or Parakeratinized Non-keratinized

7. Periodontal ligament Definition: The periodontal ligament is the soft specialized connective tissue situated between the cementum covering the root of the tooth and the bone forming the socket wall.

8. Functions of Periodontal ligament : It provides a soft tissue casing to protect the vessels and nerves from injury by mechanical forces Attachment of teeth to the bone Maintenance of gingival tissues in their proper relationship to the tooth Resistance to impact of occlusal forces

9. Components of the Periodontal ligament The PDL consists CELLS osteoblasts,osteoclasts,fibroblasts,rest cells of malassez,macrophages,undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and cementoblasts an extracellular compartment Consists of well defined collagenous fibres embedded in a non collagenous extra cellular matrix of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

10. PERIODONTAL FIBRES: The predominant collagens of PDL are types 1. They are arranged in distinct and definite fiber bundles and are able to adapt to the continual stresses placed on them The principal fibres consists of - alveolar crest group -the horizontal group -the oblique group -the apical group -the interradicular group All these principal fibres are embedded as sharpeys fibres in the cementum or bone.

11. Cementum Definition: Cementum is a calcified avascular tissue that forms the outer covering of the anatomic tooth. There are two main types of cementum they are:- 1.A celluar cementum and 2.cellular cementum

12. Alveolar Process Alveolar process is the portion of maxilla and mandible that forms and supports the tooth sockets. It consists of, -External buccal and lingual cortical plate. -Inner socket wall of compact bone called Alveolar bone - C ancellous trabeculae between these two layers,which act as a supporting alveolar bone.

13. Gingivitis Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness and swelling (inflammation) of your gums.  In the early stage of gingivitis, bacteria in  plaque  build up, causing the gums to become inflamed and to easily bleed during  tooth  brushing .. No irreversible bone or other tissue damage has occurred at this stage .

14. Periodontitis Periodontitis occurs when inflammation or infection of the gums ( gingivitis ) is allowed to progress without treatment. Infection and inflammation spreads from the gums (gingiva) to the ligaments and bone that support the teeth. Loss of support causes the teeth to become loose and eventually fall out.  Periodontitis is usually the result of poor oral hygiene. Brushing at least twice a day, flossing daily and getting regular dental checkups can greatly reduce your chance of developing periodontitis.

15. gingivitis and periodontitis

16. Thank you!