Pests of Guava_Integrated pest management_Dr.UPR.pdf

Guava trees can be affected by several pests that impact their health and fruit production. Here are some common pests associated with guava:

Guava Fruit Fly (Bactrocera correcta): These flies lay eggs in the fruit, and the larvae feed on the flesh, causing rot and making the fruit unmarketable.

Whiteflies (e.g., Bemisia tabaci): These pests suck sap from the leaves, leading to yellowing, stunting, and the production of honeydew, which can attract sooty mold.

Aphids: Aphids feed on the sap of young leaves and shoots, causing wilting and distortion. They can also transmit viral diseases.

Mealybugs: These pests feed on the sap and can cause significant damage. They also produce honeydew, leading to sooty mold growth.

Scale Insects: Scale insects attach themselves to branches and leaves, sucking sap and weakening the plant.

Spider Mites (Tetranychus spp.): These tiny mites feed on leaf sap, causing stippling and yellowing, and can lead to significant leaf drop if not controlled.

Caterpillars: Various species, including the fruit-piercing moth larvae, can damage leaves and fruits.

1. Pests of Guava
By
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD.
Assistant Professor (Entomology)
JSACAT
Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

2. Tea mosquito bug, Helopeltisantonii, Miridae,
Hemiptera
1
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution and status: Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu
Damagesymptoms
Adultsandnymphsfeedonpetiolestendershoots
andleafveinscausingnecroticlesions,coalesceto
formpatches.
Onfoliage,brownish-blacknecroticpatchesappear
andresinexudesfromfeedingpunctures.
Blistersandscales/rustycorkygrowth/scab
formationonfruits,widespreaddryingofshoots,
inflorescenceandflowersandsheddingoffruitsis
witnessed.

3. Female inserts 32 eggs into
epidermis of tender shoot, axis
of inflorescence and tender
fruits, egg period 7-8 days,
eggs elongated and slightly
curved with a pair of filaments
Nymphalperiod 14-16 days.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

4. Management
•Undertakepruningtoregulatethe
shadetofacilitateproperpenetration
ofsunlightinsidethecanopy.
•[email protected]
1500–2000Lwaterperhaatnewflush
formation.
•[email protected]
–2000Lwaterperha+Urea3%at
flowerinitiationagainatfruitingtime.
Adult
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

5. Fruit fly, Bactroceradiversus, Tephritidae, Diptera
2
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution and status: All guava orchards throughout the country
Maggotsboreintofruitsandfeedonsoft
pulp.
Theinfestedfruitsshowsmallcavitieswith
darkgreenishpuncturesandwhencutopen,
thewrigglingmaggotsareseeninside.
Theinfestationcausesrottinganddropping
offruits.

6. Eggs laid on soft skin of fruits and
egg period 1-4 days.
Maggot pale cream, cylindrical, 5-8 mm long
Maggot pupates in soil, pupal period 7 -13 days
Adult smoky brown with greenish black
thorax having yellow marking.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

7. Management
Collectanddestroythedamagedplantparts.
Summerploughtoexposeandkillpupae.
Harvestthefruitswhenslightlyhardandgreen.
SprayFenvalerate20EC1LorMalathion50EC2Lin1500–2000Lof
waterperha.
Rakethesoilaroundthetreeandapplylindanedust1.3D@25kgperha.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

8. Anarbutterfly/ Fruit borer, Virachola(Duodorix)
isocrates, Rapalavaruna, Lycaenidae, Lepidoptera
3
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution and status: All over India.
Damagesymptoms
Larvaeboreinsidethedevelopingfruitsand
feedonpulpandseedsjustbeforetherind
exhibitingroundboreholesonfruit.
Infestedfruitsarealsoattackedbybacteriaand
fungi,whichultimatelyfalloffandgivean
offensivesmell.

9. Bionomics
Shiny, white, oval shaped eggs laid singly on calyx of flowers and on tender fruits. Egg
period 7-10 days
Caterpillar, dark brown, having short
hairs and white patches all over the
body. larval period 18-47 days
Larvae pupates inside fruit but
occasionally outside even, attaching
themselves to stalk of fruits, pupal
period 7-34 days.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

10. Male glossy, bluish violet.
Female brownish violet with an orange patch on
forewings.
Four generations completed in a year
Rapalavaruna
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

11. Capsule borer, Conogethes(=Dichocrocis)
punctiferalis, Crambidae, Lepidoptera
4
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
It is found from India and Pakistan through south-east
Asia to Australia
Damagesymptoms
Larvaboresintotheyoungfruitswhichdry
upandfallprematurely,boreholesplugged
withexcreta.

12. Eggs are laid on tender parts of plants
Pale greenish with
pinkish tinge, black
blotches and fine hairs
with dark head and
prothoracicshield
Pupation takes place in
cocoons of silk, inside the
stem or capsule
Yellowish with black spots on both pair of wings
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

13. Mealy bug, Ferrisiavirgata, Maconellicoccus
hirsutus(Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera)
5
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution and status: All over India and other grapevine growing countries.
Damagesymptoms
Bothnymphsandadultssucksapthatresultsincrinklingandyellowingofleaves.
Ferrisiavirgata Maconellicoccushirsutus

14. Management
Debarkthevinesandswabwithmethylparathion@1ml/Lto
minimizethepopulation
Spraydichlorvas1.0Lorchlorpyriphos1.25Lorbuprofezin25
SC1.0-1.5Lormethomyl40SP1.25kgwith500Lwater/ha.
ReleaseAustralianladybirdbeetleCryptoleamusmontrouzieri@
2500–3750perha
ConservecoccinellidScymnuscraccivoraandlepidopteran
predatorSpalgisepius
Avoidsprayingmethylparathion,carbaryl,monocrotophos,
dimethoate,methyldemeton,quinalphos,diazinon,malathionetc
astheyaretoxictopredators.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

15. Spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicusdispersus,
Aleyrodidae, Hemiptera
6
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Nymphandadultcongregateheavilyonlower
surfaceoftheleaf,sucksapandcausepre-mature
leafdrop,chlorosis,yellowspeckling,crinklingand
curling.
Honeydewsecretionleadstosootymould.
Thecopiouswhitewaxyflocculentmaterial
secretedbyallthestagesofthepestisreadily
spreadbywindandthuscausepublicnuisance.
Adultforewingshasthreecharacteristicspots.

16. Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, Aphididae, Hemiptera
7
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Natureofdamage
Nymphsandadultssucktheplantsapand
causeyellowingoftendershootsand
wilting.Theyproducehoneydew,which
resultsindevelopmentofblacksooty
mould.Thedamageismoresevereinyoung
plants
Symptomofattack
Youngplantsbecomeweak,leafcurlupand
wither
Soft, yellow, exist both in winged and wingless
forms. Both forms reproduce
parthenogeneticallyand are viviparous
Tropical and temperate regions throughout the world

17. Scarlet Mite,Brevipalpusphoenicus, Tenuipalpidae,
Acari
8
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Mitelayseggsonstalksoffruits,calyxandleaves.Both
nymphsandadultssuckthecellsapfromfruitswhich
resultsinbrowningofnodalregionsandappearanceof
brownpatchesoncalyxandsurfaceoffruits.Insevere
infestation,thesesymptomscovertheentiresurfaceof
fruitsleadingtosplittingoffruits.Lifecyclecompleted
in22days.
Management
•Collectanddestroythedamagedplantparts.
•Spraywettablesulphur3kgordicofol2Lin1500
–2000Lofwaterperha.

18. Guava scale, Chloropulivinaria psidii, Coccidae,
Hemiptera
9
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Yellowingofleaves
Adultfemaleislongwith
whiteovisacandresembles
mealybug.

19. Bark borer, Indarbelatetraonis, Metarbellidae,
Lepidoptera
10
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Damagesymptoms
Caterpillarsboreintothetrunkorjunctionof
branchesmakezigzaggalleriesandfilledwith
frass
Theyremainhiddeninthetunnelduringday
time,comeoutatnightandfeedonthebark.
Undersevereinfestation,flowofsapishindered,
plantgrowtharrestedandfruitformationis
drasticallyreduced
Distributionandstatus:ThroughoutIndia,Burma,BangladeshandSriLankapotentialmajorpest

20. Adults emerge in summer and lays 15-
25 eggs in clusters under loose bark of
the trees. Eggs hatch in 8-10 days.
Larvae makes webs and feeds making zig
zag galleries on the wood filled with frass
and excreta and later bores inside the wood
Larval period is 9 -11 months and then
pupates inside the stem
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

21. Management
Killthecaterpillarsbyinsertinganironspikeintothetunnels.
Injectingethyleneglycolandkeroseneoilintheratioof1:3into
thetunnelbymeansofasyringe
andthensealtheopeningofthetunnelwithmud.
Dipasmallpieceofcottoninanyofthefumigants,like
chloroformorpetrolorkerosene,introduceintothetunneland
sealtheopeningwithclayormud.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

22. Whitefly, Aleurotuberculatuspsidii, Aleyrodidae,
Hemiptera
11
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

23. Thrips,Selenothripsrubrocinctus, Thripidae,
Thysanoptera
12
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Both nymphs and adults lacerate the tissues and suck the oozing sap