Pests of Pomegranate, their Damage Symptoms and Management Practices.pptx

Pests of Horticultural Crops
Pests of Pomegranate viz., Anar caterpillar, Fruit sucking moth, Thrips, Shot hole borer, Bark eating caterpillar, Mealy bug, White fly, Aphid etc.

1. Pests of P om o granate Presented By Prof. Shid D.C.

2. 1. Fruit borer or Anar caterpillar S.N. - Deudorix ( Virachola ) isocrates Family - Lycaenidae Order - Lepidoptera Marks of identification - Adults : Butterfly medium sized, males are blueish violet while females are brownish violet with orange colored patches on forewings. Larva : Small Dirty dark brown with short hairs and whitish patches all over the body.

3. Host plants: Pomegranate, guava, orange etc. Life history: Eggs : On calyx of flowers or small fruits Pupa : Pupation inside the fruit or on fruit stalk Nature of damage – Caterpillar bore the fruits, feed on pulp and seeds. Often the holes can be seen plugged by the anal segment of the larva. Damaged fruits subsequently get infected by bacteria resulting in rotting of fruits. Such rotten fruits give offensive smell and fall down. The excreta of the larva around the entry hole is seen.

4. Management practices – Clean cultivation Bagging of fruits (Cover the fruits with polythene bag) Remove and destroy the affected fruits. Light trap @ 1/ha Spraying with Dimethoate 30 EC @0.06% or 0.2% Carbaryl S p r a y Q u i n o l p h o s 25E C @ 5m l i n 1 l i t o f w a t e r Release the parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis

5. 2 . Bark eating caterpillar or bark borer S.N . - Inderbela quadrinotata Family - Inderbellidae Order - Lepidoptera

6. Marks of identification – Moth - short ashy grey in color, large sized Larva - Dirty brown in color Host plants : Citrus , mango, ber , guava etc. Life history : Site of oviposition : On bark Site of pupation : Inside larval tunnel No. of generations : 1/year

7. Nature of damage : Larva bore into wood making short tunnel in which they remain hiding practically the whole day and come out for feeding on fresh areas only during night on the bark. Dirty, elongated, zigzag ,ribbon like messy web consisting of bits of bark pieces, excreta found on trunk and branches of tree and their presence gives an unhealthy look. As a result of feeding on bark the sap conducting tissue are damaged which interrupt the translocation of cell sap. The growth and fruit setting is adversely affected.

8. Management practices - Remove ribbon like silken web from affected branches or trunk. Killing the larva by inserting pointed iron wires inside the holes. Inject CS2 or Borer solution (2 parts CS2+1 part chloroform + 1 part creosote oil) in bore holes and plaster the holes with mud. Insert insecticide soaked cotton plugs into the bore holes and plaster the holes with mud. Spray 4 gm carbaryl 50 WP or 20 ml Dichlorvos or Chlorpyriphos 25 EC 20 ml in 10 lit. of water.

9. 3. Mealy bugs S.N . - Drosicha mangiferae Family - Pseudococcidae Order - Hemiptera Marks of identification - Bugs are flat, oval, waxy whitish insects. Female wingless while males have brownish black wings .

10. Host plants - Pomegranate,Mango , Citrus etc. Life history : Eggs - In loose soil near or away from the base of the tree. No. of generations - 1/year Nature of damage - The nymphs and adults suck the cell sap from tender leaves, stem and fruits. In case of severe infestation the tree shows sickly appearance. the growth is impaired.

11. Leaves and flowers are shed resulting in poor setting and premature fruit fall. The honeydew excreted by the insect favours the development of black sooty mould which also affects normal photosynthetic activity of the plant. Drying of fruits and inflorescence is noticed. Older fruits do not develop properly.

12. Management practices Ploughing below the tree to expose and kill the eggs of mealy bugs. Soil application of 2% methyl parathion dust to kill newly emerged nymphs. Banding of trees with sticky alkaline sheets of 400 gauge thickness, 20 cm wide half meter above ground level in second week of December to prevent the climbing of bugs on tree. Spray with Chloropyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/lit or 0.1% Carbaryl . Use Beauveria bassiana Release Cryptolaemus montrouzieri @10/tree.

13. 4 . Scale insects S.N. – Parasaissetia nigra Family - Cocci dae Order - Hemi ptera Commonly known as ‘Black sca le’ Marks of identification - Adult : Female wingless, black brown, oval to circular in shape. Males are winged.

14. Host plants : Pomegranate, Cotton, Castor, Guava etc. Life history : Ovoviviparous reproduction One generation is completed in 82-119 days. Nature of damage : Both nymphs and adults suck the cell sap from twigs, shoots, leaves and fruits. Devitalization takes Place resulting in premature shedding of buds and flowers. Fruits become small sized. Infested twigs presents sickly appearance and dry. Development of black sooty mould on leaves affect photosynthesis.

15. Infested fruits

16. Management practices Collect and destroy damaged leaves, fruits and flowers. Spray with 0.06% Dimethoate 30 EC. Spray with Chloropyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/lit or 0.1% Carbaryl .

17. 5. Fruit sucking moth S.N . - Eudocima fullonica Eudocima materna Family - Noctuidae Order - Lepidoptera

18. Marks of identification - Moths large sized, forewings grey or brown. Hind wings orange or yellow with black spot in the center and marginal dark bands. Kidney shaped dark spots in E . fullonica and round black spots in E . materna

19. Host plants - Larva feeds on leaves of gulvel and vasanvel and moth feeds on fruits of citrus, mango, pomegranate etc . Life history : Eggs - On leaves of weeds i.e . Gulvel and Vasanvel Pupation - In soil.

20. Nature of damage - When the fruits are half ripe and during night the moth pierce the ripening fruits with their long sharp proboscis and suck the juice. The attacked fruits develop a rot round around the seat of puncture and drop of prematurely. Bacterial infection to the infested fruits also causes rotting.

21. Management practices Eradication of alternate host plants gulvel and vasanvel . Bagging of fruits with paper or cloth bags Quick removal and disposal of fallen fruits. Poison baiting ( 20 ml malathion 50 EC+ 200gm jaggary +20 lit. Water) Catching and killing the moths with light torches can be tried. Smoking the orchard during nights scares the moths away.

22. 6 . White fly S.N. - Siphoninus finitimus Family - Aleurodidae Order - Hemiptera Marks of identification – Adult : Minute insect with yellowish body and red eyes. Wings whitish.

23. Life history : Eggs: Underside of leaves Nature of damage - Both nymphs and adult suck the cell sap from undersurface of leaves and shoots. The vitality of plant is adversely affected. Also exude honeydew on which fungus rapidly develops covering the leaves and tender shoots with sooty mould . As a result, the fruiting capacity of the tree is reduced, the fruits become disfigured and loose the market value.

24. Management practices – Collect and destroy damaged leaves, fruits and flowers. Use Yellow sticky trap @ 10/ha Release parasitoid Encarsia spp . Release predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Coccinellids Spray with 0.03% Dimethoate 30 EC. Spray with Chloropyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/lit or 0.1% Carbaryl .

25. 7 . Aphids S.N. - Aphis punicae Family - Aphididae Order - Hemiptera

26. Life history : They reproduce parthenogenetically and viviparously . Nature of damage - Both nymphs and adult suck the cell sap from tender leaves and shoots. As a result plant loose vigour . Also excrete honeydew on which black fungus develops, which hinders the photosynthetic activity of plant.

27. Management practices – Collect and destroy damaged leaves, fruits and flowers. Use Yellow sticky trap @ 10/ha Release predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Coccinellids Spray with 0.03% Dimethoate 30 EC. Spray with Chloropyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/lit or 0.1% Carbaryl .

28. 8. Mites S.N. - Tenuipalpus punicae Family - Tenuipalpidae Order - Acarina Life history : Eggs - Under surface of leaves Nature of damage - The nymphs and adults of mites are found feeding on leaves, fruits and twigs. As a result, reddish brown patches develop on leaves, fruits, twigs and wither. In case of severe infestation, the fruits loose their luster and become insipid in taste.

29. Management practices Application of Wettable sulphur 50 WP @ 2g/lit of water 0.05% Chloropyriphos 20 EC as soon as incidence noticed.

30. 9 . Sho o t hole borer S.N. – Euwallacea fornicatus Family - Scolyti dae Order - Coleo ptera Nature of Damage – Adult females makes deep galleries inside the stem which hinders the translocation of nutrients and water. Neither larva nor the adult male feed upon any part of plant. Adult females bore into the basal part of the stem and roots and causes drying in pomegranate. Management practices- 0.025% Copper oxychloride as paste application found quite effective.

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