Pharmaceutical Syrups; Composition, Preparation and Examples

Pharmaceutical Syrups; Composition, Preparation and Examples

1. Syrups Syrups are a concentrated solution of a sugar mixed in water or other aqueous liquid

2. Medicinal Syrups In medical terminology, medicinal syrups or syrupus are nearly saturated solutions of sugar in water in which medicinal substances or drugs are dissolved. Basically, it is an oral suspension in liquid form.

3. CHARACTERSTICS SYRUPS SUSPENSIONS DEFINITION Is a pharmaceutical solution that completely dissolves into its solvent with the distribution of drugs withing solution. Is drug mixture whereby drug particles do not fully dissolve into the solvent SOLVENT SOLUTION Dissolved in different types of solvents including co-solvents Are dissolved in water IDEAL FOR YOUNGER CHILDREN Are idea of younger children because the sugar wards off any bitter taste May not be ideal for children due to undesirable taste Ideal for Diabetic Patient Is not ideal for diabetic patient due to high sugar content Is ideal for diabetic patient because of low sugar content

4. Solution Suspension Homogenous Heterogenous Particles evenly dispersed Un even dispersion Solute and Solvent are in same phase Suspended particles can be in a different phase than the medium Transparent Cloudy NaCl or Sugar in water Milk of Magnesi

5. ADVANTAGES OF SYRUPS EASY TO ADMINISTER APPROPRIATE FOR PATIENT ECONOMICAL & SAFE NO NURSING CARE

6. DIS-ADVANTAGES OF SYRUPS NOT SUITABLE FOR EMERGENCY DELAYED ONSET OF ACTION NOT CONVENIENT WITH GI DISORDERS CAN’T AVOID FIRST PASS METABOLISM

7. COMPOSITION OF SYRUPS ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT PRESERVATIVES SWEETNING AGENT VISCOSITY MODIFIER FLAVORANT & COLORANT SOLVENT/VEHICLE

8. METHOD OF PREPARATION SOLUTION WITH HEAT AGITATION WITHOUT HEAT ADDITION OF SUCROSE PERCOLATION METHOD

9. SOLUTION WITH HEAT INCREASE OF TEMPERATURE TO 85 O C TAKE OFF FROM HEAT SOURCE ADD SUCROSE & SHAKE THOROUGHLY VOLATILE & HEAT SENSITIVE INGREDEITNS ARE ADDED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE DURING HEATING SUCROSE HYDROLYZE INTO ITS MONOMERS INVERSION OCCURS OF MONOMERS INVERSION LEADS TO DARKENING OF SOLUTION

10. AGITATION WITHOUT HEAT VESSEL MADE UP OF STAINLESS STEEL OR GLASS VESSEL MUST BE LARGER THAN DESIRED VOLUME INGREDIENTS ADDED AS PER FORMULA TO WATER IT IS BETTER TO DISSOLVE INGREDIENTS FIRST IN WATER & THEN ADD TO SYRUP THIS RESULTS IN EASY MIXING AS SUGAR SOLUTION IS MORE VISCOUS

11. ADDITION OF SUCROSE TO LIQUID MEDICAMENT THE METHOD IS GENERALLY USED FOR FLUID EXTRACTS SUBSTANCE SOLUBLE IN ALCOHOL WILL PRECIPITATE WHEN WATER ADDED AN ALTERNATE IS TO DISSOLVE ALL INGREDIENTS IN WATER FIRST FILTER OUT THE PRECIPITATE SUCROSE IS ADDED THE METHOD IS OF NO USE IF THE PPT CONTAIN API

12. PERCOLATION METHOD PRINCIPLE OF PERCOLATION IS USED A SUCROSE BED IS PREPARED & THEN DISSOLVED API IS PASSED SUCROSE BED SHOULD BE COARSE & SHAPE OF PERCOLATOR MUST BE CYLINDRICAL

13. MANUFACTURING OF PARACETAMOL SYRUP

14. PART - 1 HEAT GLYCERIN FOR 50 C & ADD IN STEP 1 SOLUTION WITH CONTINOUS STIRRING HEAT PEG 6000 AT 50 O C & ADD PARACETAMOL IN IT. STIR FOR 30 MINUTES STIRR THE SOLUTION FOR 20 MINUTES TO OBTAIN TRANSPARENT SOLUTION HEAT WATER AT 50 C WITH CONTINOUS STIRRING ADD SOLUTION (PEG 6000 + PARACETAMOL + GLYCERIN) IN WATER

15. PART - 2 FILTER ABOVE SOLUTION THROUGH FILTER PRESS WEIGH ACCURATELY SUCROSE & ADD IT IN 65 O C WATER WITH STIRRING ADD CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE, PRESERVATIVES & SWEETNERS

16. PART - 3 CHECK pH OF ABOVE SOLUTION SLOWLY ADD PART 1 SOLUTION IN PART 2 IF pH IS NOT IN BETWEEN 3.80-6.10, THEN ADD CITRIC ACID TO ADJUST pH ADD COLOUR AND FLAVOUR TO ABOVE SOLUTION MAKE UP VOLUME BY WATER. CLEAR, TRANSPARENT PARACETAMOL SYRUP IS OBTAINED