Phase_Change_Materials_in_Architecture.pptx

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1. Phase Change Materials in Architecture Sustainable Design • Energy Efficiency • Indoor Comfort

2. Introduction / Motivation Buildings consume ~40% of global energy. Heating and cooling = largest share of demand. Traditional insulation reduces transfer but not storage. PCMs store/release heat → stabilize indoor temperature.

3. What are Phase Change Materials (PCMs)? Materials that absorb/release latent heat during phase transition (solid ↔ liquid). In buildings: Day: PCM melts, absorbs heat, keeps rooms cooler. Night: PCM solidifies, releases heat, reduces heating demand.

4. Desirable Properties for Architecture Melting range 18–30 °C (comfort range). High latent heat capacity. Non-toxic, safe, fire-resistant. Stable for decades of thermal cycles.

5. Types of PCMs in Buildings Organic (e.g., paraffin, fatty acids): stable, but low conductivity. Inorganic (e.g., salt hydrates): higher storage, but risk of corrosion/supercooling. Composite PCMs: embedded in boards, plasters, or concrete for better performance.

6. Integration in Architecture PCM wallboards / plasterboards. PCM-embedded mortars, concrete, or tiles. Ceiling and roof integration. PCM glazing systems for solar control. Retrofit with modular PCM panels.

7. Advantages for Architects Enhances indoor thermal comfort. Reduces HVAC energy demand by 20–30%. Supports passive design strategies. Enables green certifications (LEED, BREEAM, GRIHA). Invisible integration into walls/ceilings.

8. Challenges / Considerations Cost of high-performance PCMs. Fire safety and toxicity concerns (e.g., paraffins). Long-term cycling stability. Architectural integration without structural compromise. Climate-dependent performance.

9. Case Studies PCM drywall in European offices: reduced cooling demand by 15–25%. PCM roof in India: peak indoor temperature reduced by ~4–5 °C. PCM walls in cold climates: released stored heat at night, lowering heating load.

10. Future Outlook in Architecture Bio-based PCMs for sustainability. Hybrid systems with solar panels and HVAC. IoT integration for smart adaptive buildings. Scaling adoption in net-zero energy buildings.

11. Summary / Takeaways PCMs act as thermal batteries for buildings. Regulate indoor comfort and reduce HVAC loads. Can be integrated into walls, roofs, glazing, or retrofits. Key enabler for sustainable and net-zero architecture.

12. References IEA SHC – Inventory of PCM for Solar and Building Applications (2005). Cabeza, L.F. et al. 'Phase change materials and buildings' (Energy & Buildings, 2011). Farid, M.M. et al. 'Review on phase change energy storage' (2004). Wikipedia – Phase Change Materials.