Phenology - �The Study of Nature

Phenology - �The Study of Nature

1.   Phenology The Study of Nature Sridhar Gutam, PhD, ARS Senior Scientist (Plant Physiology ) ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region Research Centre Ranchi Ranchi 834010, Jharkhand @ SridharGutam I [email protected]

2. What is Phenology? “Phenology is the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate, as well as habitat factors (such as elevation)” Phenology . (2016, January 20). In  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 14:03, March 14, 2016, from  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phenology&oldid=700778197 15-03-2016 2 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

3. Why Phenology? Phenology helps us to understand nature. Leafing, Flowering and Fruiting. Bird migration/brooding. Insect Pests infestation and Plant diseases incidence. Floods and frosts. Climate change – indicators – early spring? 15-03-2016 3 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

4. Indicator: Start of Spring 15-03-2016 4 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 <http://www.globalchange.gov/browse/indicators/indicator-start-spring> 2012

5. How the Spring is Unfolding? 15-03-2016 5 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 https://www.usanpn.org/data/spring

6. How the Spring is Unfolding? 15-03-2016 6 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 https://www.usanpn.org/data/spring

7. Phenological Events Phenological development of Olive flowering, following BBCH standard scale ( Oteros et al., 2013). a-50 , b-51, c-54, d-57, (<15% open flowers); f-65, (>15% open flowers); g-67, (<15% open flowers); h-68 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 7   Oteros , J., García-Mozo , H., Vázquez, L., Mestre , A., Domínguez-Vilches , E., Galán , C. (2013). Modelling olive phenological response to weather and topography. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 179: 62-68.

8. Early blooming of Cassia! 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University 8 https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_there_any_scientific_basis_for_the_early_blossoming_of_Cassia_fistula_of_Kerala_and_regional_climate_change

9. Robert Marsham - Father of P henology 15-03-2016 9 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Marsham

10. Marsham's 27 indications of spring Started in 1736 by Robert Marsham and continued by his family until 1958 Snowdrop first flowering Wood anemone first flowering Hawthorn first flowering Turnip first flowering Hawthorn first leafing Sycamore first leafing Silver birch first leafing Elm first leafing Rowan first leafing Oak first leafing Beech first leafing Horse chestnut first leafing Sweet chestnut first leafing Hornbeam first leafing Ash first leafing Lime first leafing Field maple first leafing Swallow first seen Cuckoo first seen Nightingale first heard Nightjar first heard Song thrush first heard Ringdove (Woodpigeon) first seen Rook first nest building Rook young first seen Brimstone butterfly first seen Frogs and toads first heard croaking 15-03-2016 10 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 http://www.naturescalendar.org.uk/research/Robert_Marsham_Indications_of_Spring.htm

11. Phenology Projects 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 11

12. USA National Phenology Network https ://www.usanpn.org/ 15-03-2016 12 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

13. Pan European Phenology Project PEP725 http://www.pep725.eu/ 15-03-2016 13 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

14. Plant- Phenological  Online  Datab ase http://www.ppodb.de/ 15-03-2016 14 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

15. Project Budburst – http :// budburst.org/ 15-03-2016 15 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

16. Bhutan Phenology Network - HEROS 15-03-2016 16 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 http://www.bpn.gov.bt/web/index.php

17. Bhutan Phenology Network - Phenology Journal 15-03-2016 17 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 http://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=1bbc7c88e2964ab3b9bf52207a336a36

18. Phenology Projects in India 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 18

19. http://www.seasonwatch.in/ 15-03-2016 19 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

20. Trees Monitored under Season Watch http://www.seasonwatch.in/details.php Jackfruit ( Kathal ) Indian Blackberry ( Jamun ) Pride of India ( Jarul ) Indian Gooseberry ( Amla ) Mango ( Aam ) Banyan ( Bargad ) Devil’s Tree ( Saptaparni ) Purple Bauhinia ( Kaniar ) Indian Coral Tree ( Pangra ) Flame of the Forest ( Dhak / Palash ) Indian Laburnum ( Amaltas ) Pongam Tree/Indian Beech ( Karanj ) Tamarind ( Imli ) Margosa (Neem ) Flame Tree ( Gulmohur ) Red Silk Cotton Tree ( Semul ) 15-03-2016 20 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

21. Season Watch - Citizen Science program National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS ) - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). Nature Conservation Foundation ( NCF) – An NGO. Funded by Wipro Applying Thought in Schools (WATIS ) – Wipro . 15-03-2016 21 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

22. 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 22 http://www.seasonwatch.in/dashboard.php?pageno=1

23. http://treecalendar.org/ 15-03-2016 23 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

24. Tree Calendar – Study Species Albizia lebbeck Albizia odoratissima Artocarpus heterophyllus Artocarpus hirsutus Azardirachta indica Bauhinia purpurea Bombax ceiba Briedelia retusa Cassia fistula Dalbergia latifolia Delonix regia Ficus racemosa Garcinia gummi- gutta Hydnocarpus pentandra Mangifera indica Mimusops elengi Phyllanthus emblica Polyalthia longifolia Pongamia pinnata Pterocarpus marsupium 15-03-2016 24 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

25. Tree Calendar – Report Event 15-03-2016 25 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 http://treecalendar.org/index.php?item=report&view=report_form

26. India Biodiversity Portal http://indiabiodiversity.org/ 15-03-2016 26 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

27. “Over   11 lakh occurrence records  from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility integrated” 15-03-2016 27 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

28. Trees India http ://treesindia.indiabiodiversity.org/show 15-03-2016 28 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

29. Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/ 15-03-2016 29 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

30. India – GIBF Associate Member (2003) 15-03-2016 30 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

31. GIBF India Data http:// www.gbif.org/country 15-03-2016 31 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

32. Tree phenology and hornbill breeding http://ncf-india.org/projects/tree-phenology-and-hornbill-breeding 15-03-2016 32 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

33. Mango Phenology Monitoring System 15-03-2016 33 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 http://mangifera.res.in/phenology/

34. 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 34 http://mangifera.res.in/phenology/bbch.php

35. Application of extended BBCH scale for phenological studies in mango ( Mangifera indica L .)  S Rajan et.al. ‎2011. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 13(2): 108-114, 2011 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University 35

36. Phenological Monitoring of Selected Horticultural Fruit Tree Crops 15-03-2016 36 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281432470_Phenological_Monitoring_of_Selected_Horticultural_Fruit_Tree_Crops_-_Draft_Proposal

37. Phenology Network India - Project Proposal https://goo.gl/KsQPTz Title : Phenology of Horticulture and Agroforestry Tree Species in India Objectives :     Development of standard protocol for collection and capture of phenology data of selected horticulture and agroforestry tree species in India. Development of Open Access Phenology and Phenotype Data Repository for horticultural and agroforestry tree species. To prepare region-wise Phenological calendar for major horticulture and agroforestry tree species. Development of weather based phenology forecasting model and decision support system for selected horticultural and agroforestry tree species Goal: To develop understanding of changes in phenological behaviour of selected horticultural and agroforestry tree species under climate change scenario This project would be submitted to either of DST/DAC (Hort. Div.)/Min. of Env . and Forests/Extra Mural Research Funding/NABARD 15-03-2016 37 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008

38. Folklore and Phenology 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 38

39. 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 39 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/11070/1/IJTK%2010(1)%2096-101.pdf 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 39

40. Vasant Panchami – First Day of Spring 15-03-2016 40 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University Wikimedia Commons/Nitin Das

41. Spondias pinnata ( Amra ) – During Shivratri 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 41

42. Alangium salviifolium ( Ankola ) – Fruit Ripening Time – Paddy Rice Sowing? 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University 42

43. National Cherry Blossom Festival. Washington DC. March 20 – April 17, 2016 http ://www.nationalcherryblossomfestival.org/ 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008 43

44. 15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University 44 Thank You