Phenomenological research.pptx

Phenomenological research

1.   Unit 1: The Nature and Methods of Phenomenological Research

2. Phenomenological research is a qualitative research approach that seeks to understand and describe the universal essence of a phenomenon. The approach investigates the everyday experiences of human beings while suspending the researchers’ preconceived assumptions about the phenomenon. In other words, phenomenological research studies lived experiences to gain deeper insights into how people understand those experiences. 

3. What are the characteristics of phenomenological research design? Below are the four main characteristics of phenomenological research design. 1. Phenomenological research design is descriptive. The researcher aims to describe as accurately as possible the structure of a phenomenon. 2. Qualitative phenomenological research design aims to uncover what a particular experience means to a group of people and how they experienced it.

4. 3. This approach requires researchers to set aside their prejudices and a priori assumptions and focus mainly on the immediate experience. 4. It requires the researcher to first describe the lived experiences objectively and then reflect on the description with reference to the existing theories about the phenomenon.

5. Methods of collecting data for Phenomenological design. Some of the most common methods are: 1. Participant observation 2. Interviews 3. Conversations with  participants 4. Analysis of personal text 5. Action research 6. Focus meetings

6. Note: Regardless of the method you use for qualitative phenomenological research design, you must focus on the research issues and avoid influencing the participants. Additionally, you must show empathy and establish a good level of rapport to gain deep insight into the participants’ experiences.

7. Data Analysis in Phenomenological Research There are a few existing models of phenomenological research, and they each propose slightly different methods of data analysis. They all arrive at the same goal, however. The goal of phenomenological analysis is to describe the essence or core structures and textures of some conscious psychological experience. One such model, empirical, was developed at Duquesne University . This method of analysis consists of five essential steps and represents the other variations well. Whichever model is chosen, those wishing to conduct phenomenological research must choose a model and abide by its procedures.

8. Empirical phenomenology is presented as an example. 1. Sense of the whole. One reads the entire description in order to get a general sense of the whole statement. This often takes a few readings, which should be approached contemplatively. 2. Discrimination of meaning units. Once the sense of the whole has been grasped, the researcher returns to the beginning and reads through the text once more, delineating each transition in meaning.

9. 3. Transformation of subjects' everyday expressions (meaning units) into psychological language. 4. Synthesis of transformed meaning units into a consistent statement of the structure of the experience. 5. Final synthesis. Finally, the researcher synthesizes all of the statements regarding each participant's experience into one consistent statement that describes and captures the essence of the experience being studied.

10. What are the limitations of phenomenological design? Some of the downsides of phenomenological research are: 1. Researcher-induced bias can affect the outcome of the study. 2. It could be difficult to establish validity and reliability when using this research approach . 3 . Maintaining pure bracketing can be very challenging for the researcher

11. 4. Participants of the research may not be able to express their views articulately due to factors like language barrier, age, or cognition . 5. Presenting the findings of phenomenological research can be difficult because the results are highly qualitative . 6. Data gathering and analysis in phenomenological design may be daunting and time-consuming.

12. Phenomenological research design example In Donna Marie Barrow’s paper on a phenomenological study of the lived experiences of parents of young children with autism receiving special education services, the researcher investigated the lived experiences of four mothers of children with autism receiving early intervention services using phenomenological research design. The study aimed to gain insight into the phenomenon of parenting and parents’ experiences with early intervention and early childhood special education.

13. Other examples of phenomenological researches:

14. Other examples of phenomenological researches: