Phil. Pal.pptx Philippine politics powerpoint

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1. POLITICS vs POLITICAL SCIENCE

2. • the actual process of how humans interact in groups • constitute man’s activities in the real world • the practices of elective and non-elective political systems • the process by which people try to influence the government • the process by which the government decides which policies will be enacted • the practice of state and government • issues, problems, and activities taking place in society • day-to-day actual activities of the government • relative (varying) • everyone is involved POLITICS

3. • the scientific study of politics • study of politics, political systems, and • focuses on the theory and practice of government • theory of state and government • seeks to study the origin, nature and functions of the state, government and its all organs • universal studied by few POLITICAL SCIENCE

4. What is political science? Political Science is defined as the study of the State and the Government. Political science is a social science regarding the practice and theory of politics, the analysis of political systems, and the study of political behavior. It is derived from the Greek words “polis" or “city” which today would mean a sovereign state and “scire' meaning “science. Politics is the actual process of how humans interact in groups while political science is the study of the former.

5. Politics helps you to know your rights. Politics clarifies what you yourself believe. Politics is a living, breathing subject. Politics helps you to understand our nation’s parties. Politics prepares you for adult life . The VALUE OF POLITICS

6. GOVERNMENT vs GOVERNANCE

7. The concept of governance which is defined as the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented. While government is defined as the group of people with the authority to govern a country or state, a particular ministry in office. (Oxford Dictionary). Very Evident in the 1987 Constitution Article 2 Declaration of State Principles and Policies. Government refers to the governing body ,. Governance pertains to the action of sovereign authority, specifically, the exercise of authoritative direction or control, over a particular political unit or organization. including the implementation of policies and the monitoring of its jurisdiction.

8. GOVERNMENT – refers to the agency or instrumentality through which the will of the State is formulated, expressed, and realized. - an institution that has the power to make laws and enforce these certain territories, people and other organizations.

9. As to the number of the persons exercising the sovereignTY power: Monarchy – ( RULE OF ONE) the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person. It is further classified into, absolute monarchy and limited monarchy. Aristocracy – ( RULE OF RICH ) it is a government in which the political power belongs to the elite of the society, who have the high social status, wealth, and political power of heredity nobility. Oligarchy – (RULE OF FEW) is a form of government that small group of people hold most or all political power. Democracy – ( RULE OF MANY) the political power is exercised by most people. It is the form of government in which the supreme political power is exercise by majority of the people. According Abraham Lincoln “ Democracy is government of the people, by the people and for the people.

10. Democracy is classified into two: Direct - if the people govern directly and immediately in an assembly. Practicable only in small areas and assembly. Indirect – republican or representative if the people given through chosen representatives. Applicable in densely populated groupings.

11. As to the extent of powers exercised by the central or national government: Unitary Government – the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national government. Federal Government – the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs; one for national affairs and the other for local affairs. The power of the government are distributed between the central government and the local government.

12. As to the relationship between the Executive and the Legislative branches of government: Parliamentary – it is the type of government characterized by a fusion of power of the legislative and executive branch. This means that there is no separation of powers between the branches of government greatly improves the legislative process. Presidential – this type of government is characterized by weak ties between legislative and executive branches, and by the shifting balance of power. This system operates on the principle of separation of powers among the branches of the government.

13. The Government Performs Two Kinds Of Functions: Constituent functions – constitute the very bonds of society and therefore compulsory. The determination of contractual rights between individuals. The definition and punishment of crimes. The administration of justice in civil cases. The administration of political duties, privileges, and relations of citizen; b. Ministrant functions – are those undertaken to advance the general interests of the society such as public works, public charity, and regulation of trade and industry.

14. GOVERNMENT is merely an instrument for the purpose of governance GOVERNANCE is the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation’s affairs. Governance embraces all the methods--- good and bad ----- the societies use to distribute power and manage public resources and problems.

15. Characteristics of Good Governance ( UNDP (1997) Governance for Sustainable Human Development. United Nations Development Programme ) 1. Participation – All men and women should have a voice in decision-making, either directly or through legitimate intermediate institutions that represent their interests. (Art. II, Section 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.) 2. Rule of law - Legal frameworks should be fair and enforced impartially, particularly the laws on human rights. (Art II, Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. Art. II Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and promotion of the general welfare. Art II, Section 11. The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.)

16. 3. Transparency - Transparency is built on the free flow of information. Processes, institutions and information are directly accessible to those concerned with them, and enough information is provided to understand and monitor them. ((Art II, Section 27. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and corruption). 4. Responsiveness – Institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders. (Art II, Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people.) 5. Consensus Orientation – Good governance mediates differing interests to reach a broad consensus on what is in the best interests of the group and, where possible, on policies and procedures. (Art II, Section 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adapts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land).

17. 6. Equity - All men and women have opportunities to improve or maintain their well-being. ((Art II, Section 14. The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men.) 7. Effectiveness and efficiency – Processes and institutions produce results that meet needs while making the best use of resources. (Art II, Section 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all).

18. 8. Accountability – Decision-makers in government, the private sector and civil society organizations are accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders. This accountability differs depending on the organizations and whether the decision is internal or external to an organization. (Art II, Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest.) 9. Strategic vision – Leaders and the public have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance and human development, along with a sense of what is needed for such development. There is also an understanding of the historical, cultural and social complexities in which that perspective is grounded. (The Preamble and the whole provisions of 1987 Constitution Article II sections 1 – 28)

19. 8. Accountability – Decision-makers in government, the private sector and civil society organizations are accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders. This accountability differs depending on the organizations and whether the decision is internal or external to an organization. (Art II, Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest.) 9. Strategic vision – Leaders and the public have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance and human development, along with a sense of what is needed for such development. There is also an understanding of the historical, cultural and social complexities in which that perspective is grounded. (The Preamble and the whole provisions of 1987 Constitution Article II sections 1 – 28)

20. 8. Accountability – Decision-makers in government, the private sector and civil society organizations are accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders. This accountability differs depending on the organizations and whether the decision is internal or external to an organization. (Art II, Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest.) 9. Strategic vision – Leaders and the public have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance and human development, along with a sense of what is needed for such development. There is also an understanding of the historical, cultural and social complexities in which that perspective is grounded. (The Preamble and the whole provisions of 1987 Constitution Article II sections 1 – 28)

21. 8. Accountability – Decision-makers in government, the private sector and civil society organizations are accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders. This accountability differs depending on the organizations and whether the decision is internal or external to an organization. (Art II, Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest.) 9. Strategic vision – Leaders and the public have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance and human development, along with a sense of what is needed for such development. There is also an understanding of the historical, cultural and social complexities in which that perspective is grounded. (The Preamble and the whole provisions of 1987 Constitution Article II sections 1 – 28)