Philippine - American relation_20250507_083038_0000.pptx

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1. Filipino - American relations

2. The Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America have a long and storied history with each other. Firstly, Filipinos are the oldest Asian ethnic group in the Americas. Filipino sailors were the first Asians in North America. The first documented presence of Filipinos in what is now the United States dates back to October 1587 around Morro Bay, California. Early Interactions: 1587 - 1946

3. The first permanent settlement of Filipinos was in Louisiana in 1763; the settlers there were called "Manilamen", and they served in the Battle of New Orleans during the closing stages of the War of 1812, supporting the Americans against the British Empire. The American state of Texas, due to it being a former Spanish territory, was even once called "New Philippines", so named since the Spanish wanted to replicate the prosperity they achieved in the Philippines in that territory in the Americas.

4. The 1898 Philippine Revolution against Spain was inspired by the French and American revolutions. The United States eventually purchased the Philippines from Spain in the Treaty of Paris, and afterwards the Americans invaded and destroyed the First Philippine Republic in the Philippine–American War. The United States federal government nearly considered selling Mindanao to the German Empire in 1910.

5. Except for the brief interruption of the Japanese occupation between 1942 and 1945, the United States ruled the Philippines from 1898 to 1946, after which, the Philippines was granted independence after being devastated by the Second World War.[citation needed] In the Second World War, the Filipinos formed a close alliance with the United States to resist Japanese occupation -- they became independent on July 4, 1946. World War II and the Path to Independence

6. During World War II, the Philippines experienced severe devastation, particularly during the Japanese occupation that began in December 1941. The Battle of Manila in early 1945 was especially brutal, resulting in the deaths of over 100,000 civilians due to massacres and violence. The city was left in ruins, with significant damage to its infrastructure and cultural heritage.

7. The occupation was marked by harsh conditions and atrocities against the Filipino population, which included mass murder and other forms of violence. The aftermath of the war led to long-term effects on the country, including psychological trauma and loss of life. Today, the legacy of this devastation is an important part of Philippine history, highlighting the complexities and human cost of war.

8. During the Cold War between the Capitalist United States and Communist Soviet Union, in Asia, despite being devastated by World War 2, defending US interests, and being a former colony, the Philippines, received negligible financial assistance from the United States with only $5 Billion US Dollars worth of aid in totality since Independence compared to the copious amount of free development aid given to other Asian allies like: Israel ($317.9 Billion US Dollars in free aid), South Korea ($119.9 Billion US dollars in free aid) South Vietnam ($104 Billion Dollars in free aid),Taiwan, $41.81015 Billion US Dollars in free aid by year 1975 which convert to $242 Billion US Dollars in 2024 values as adjusted for inflation and Japan, as the United States considered their economic development more important than that of the Philippines because they had hostile Pro-Soviet Union neighbors which the United States were opposed to. The Cold War: Unequal Partnerships

9. Furthermore, America applied a deindustrialization policy and supported Free Market reforms in the Philippines, assigning it a role of only "supplying raw materials" while being open to foreign imports, because Japan was designated to be the main industrial export power in Asia, thus retarding Industrialization efforts in the Philippines while the other nations that were protectionist and had Industrial Policy surged ahead in development. The US supported the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.

10. The Cold War significantly impacted the Philippine economy, creating a complex relationship with the US. While US aid offered some benefits, it also fostered dependence and hindered independent economic growth. The focus on agricultural exports over industrialization, coupled with geopolitical instability, limited diversification and sustainable development. Although ASEAN membership offered potential for regional integration, its impact during the Cold War remained limited. Ultimately, the unequal partnership with the US left the Philippines with a legacy of missed opportunities and economic challenges.

11. After President Rodrigo Duterte formally assumed the office on June 30, 2016, US–Philippine relations began to sour. A rift between Duterte and then-US President Barack Obama began when Obama expressed his concern over human rights issues on Duterte's "War on Criminality and Drugs". According to a statement issued by the White House, Obama commended the country for its "vibrant democracy", but also highlighted "enduring values" that underpinned their "longstanding ties", including "shared commitments to democracy, human rights and rule of law". This intervention and President Duterte's choice of words while speaking about President Obama during a press conference, where he infamously called him "a son of a whore" resulted in a canceled meeting between the two leaders during the 2016 ASEAN summit held in Laos. Duterte Era and Strained Relations

12. A few weeks later, Duterte suggested American special forces cease their operations in Mindanao and leave. He cited the killings of Muslim Filipinos during a U.S. pacification campaign in the early 1900s, which he said were at the root of the long restiveness by minority Muslims in the largely Catholic nation's south. During an official visit to Vietnam on September 28, 2016, he explicitly expressed his desire to end the Philippines' joint military exercises with the United States. Duterte announced the upcoming scheduled war games would be the last under his term, while adding that he would continue to uphold the Philippines' treaties with the U.S.

13. As of October 2016, despite Duterte's shift of foreign policy towards China and away from the U.S., Filipinos still held low approval and trust in China relative to the U.S. On former president Fidel Ramos' resignation as special envoy to China, he stated that he didn't like Duterte's treatment of Obama. Duterte later said following the 2016 U.S. presidential election that he would stop quarrels uh with the U.S. following President Donald Trump's victory. Trump had planned to continue to aid the country during his presidency.

14. Bongbong Marcos, president since June 2022, appears to be attempting to normalize relations with the United States in part due to China's geostrategic rise and the need to cooperate on the economy. However, the Biden administration has said human rights will come first in America's dealings with the Philippines, responding to concerns with Marcos' and Duterte's human rights records. In August 2022, Marcos met with U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken. He met with U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris and Second Gentleman Doug Emhoff in November. A New Era: Rebuilding the Relationship

15. Marcos and U.S. President Joe Biden met face-to-face on the sidelines of the 2022 United Nations General Assembly on September 23. During Marcos's working visit to the United States on September 18–24, top financial officials secured investment pledges of $4 billion and 100,000 jobs for the Philippines. Biden pledged to help the Philippines with energy and food security, reiterating that message during the 40th and 41st ASEAN Summits in Cambodia during the week of November In February 2023, Marcos briefly met with Biden's Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin to finalize an agreement to add U.S.-accessible Philippine military bases to the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement.

16. On April 11, 2024, Marcos along with Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida met with Biden in Washington, D.C., for a trilateral summit. President Marcos Jr. stated that the summit would include discussions on an agreement to maintain security and freedom of navigation in the South China Sea. He further emphasized that the summit was mainly aimed at boosting economic ties between the three allies. In August 2024, the Biden administration announced an additional $500 million of military aid to the Philippines, further bolstering the defense alliance between the two nations and in light of the Philippines grappling with aggressive actions by Chinese ships in the South China Sea.

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