Philippine-Mythology-and- other creatures.pptx

The indigenous religions of the Philippines developed through a variety of migrations and trade routes. Scholars theorized that Austronesians arrived through the "Out-of-Taiwan model", crossing from mainland Asia to Taiwan, and later the Philippines, continuing to other islands. The Austronesians are believed to have brought animist beliefs incorporating shamanism, ancestor worship, totemism, and tattoos. Beliefs in benevolent and malevolent spirits was established by their arrival.[12]

By 200 to 300 CE, Hindu mythologies arrived in the Philippines through trade routes and migration. Hinduism brought Indianized traditions to the Philippines, including indigenous epics such as Ibalong, Siday, and Hinilawod, folk stories, and superstitions that blended with indigenous polytheisims. The concept of good and bad demons, prevalent in Indian societies, became widespread in the archipelago. These demons were viewed as both evil and good. Indigenous religions were not replaced by Hinduism, rather, the former absorbed traditions and beliefs from it. Gender-variant deities and shamans became widespread. Humanoid mythical creatures emerged alongside a variety of belief systems.[13] Around 900 CE, Chinese influence spread in some areas, adding Sinified and Buddhist belief systems. The most prominent was belief in ghosts.[14]

By 1300 CE, Muslim traders arrived in the southern Philippines, bringing with them Islamic myth and belief systems. Many in the southern and western Philippines converted to Islam.[15] In the middle of the 16th century, the Spanish arrived from Latin America and brought with them Ibero-American Christian myth (for example, veneration to Our Lady of Guadalupe). Some inhabitants were receptive to these myths, but most were not as the Spanish wanted to conquer the islands, instead of just injecting traditions. The Spanish began a three-century purge against indigenous religions, suppressing and mocking indigenous cultures. Monotheism generally replaced indigenous polytheistic beliefs. Existing myth and folklore were retrofitted accordingly. However, indigenous belief systems survived–despite Spanish threats and killings.[16][17] The Philippine revolution was accompanied by attempts to revitalize the indigenous Philippine folk religions and establish them as the state religion. However, the proposals were sidelined over conflicts with the Americans, which led to war.[18] In the late 19th century, the US occupied the country leading more people to convert to Christianity.

1. Philippine Mythology and Creatures Philippine mythology is a rich tapestry of folklore and legend, with a diverse cast of mythical creatures that embody the beliefs and values of the Filipino people. These creatures are not just imaginative beings; they are reflections of the natural world, the cultural landscape, and the human experience. by JAMES DUMABOC

2. Aswang: The Shape-Shifting Creature Mythical Origins The aswang is a shape-shifting creature often depicted as a human by day but taking on monstrous forms at night, often with the ability to fly. Cultural Significance The aswang symbolizes fear of the unknown and the dangers lurking in the shadows, serving as a cautionary tale for Filipinos. Modern Representations The aswang continues to appear in modern Filipino literature, film, and television, adapting to changing times while maintaining its chilling presence.

3. Tikbalang: The Horse-Headed Demon Appearance The Tikbalang is a horse-headed creature that roams the forests, often appearing as a handsome man to lure unsuspecting travelers. Character It is known for its mischievous nature, playing tricks on those who wander into its territory, and sometimes leading travelers astray. Legend Legends surrounding the Tikbalang often serve as a warning to be cautious in the forest and respect the natural world.

4. Kapre: The Towering Tobacco-Smoking Giant 1 Appearance The Kapre is a towering giant, often depicted with brown skin and a fondness for smoking tobacco. 2 Personality He is sometimes portrayed as a protector of the forest but also as a mischievous figure who enjoys playing tricks on people. 3 Symbolism The Kapre represents the power and majesty of nature and reminds people of the need to respect the balance of the environment. 4 Modern Relevance The Kapre continues to be a popular figure in Filipino folklore, often appearing in stories and media as a symbol of the Philippines' unique cultural heritage.

5. Manananggal: The Viscera-Eating Creature Nocturnal Nature The Manananggal is a nocturnal creature that detaches its upper body, revealing a pair of wings and a monstrous maw. Prey It preys on pregnant women, feeding on their fetuses and internal organs. Symbolism The Manananggal embodies the fear of the unknown, the vulnerability of life, and the darkness that lurks beyond the light.

6. Diwata: The Enchanted Forest Spirits Guardians of Nature The Diwata are spirits who dwell in forests, mountains, and other natural places. Symbol of Balance They are often associated with good fortune and prosperity but can also be vengeful if their domain is disturbed.

7. Sirena: The Captivating Mermaids Appearance The Sirena, similar to mermaids in other cultures, is a creature with a human upper body and a fishtail. Enchantment Their voices are said to be incredibly enchanting, capable of luring sailors to their doom. Symbolism They represent the beauty and mystery of the sea and the dangers that can lurk beneath the waves.

8. Mythical Creatures in Filipino Culture Cultural Identity These creatures reflect the rich cultural heritage and folklore of the Philippines, embodying values and beliefs that have been passed down through generations. Literary & Artistic Inspiration They have been featured in countless stories, poems, songs, and artworks, enriching the artistic landscape of the Philippines. Contemporary Culture In contemporary culture, these creatures continue to inspire filmmakers, artists, and writers, ensuring that their legacy lives on.

9. Preserving the Legacy of Philippine Mythology 1 Education & Awareness Sharing these stories and legends with younger generations helps ensure that the richness and depth of Filipino mythology are preserved. 2 Oral Storytelling Continuing the tradition of oral storytelling helps keep the myths and legends alive and connects Filipinos to their heritage. 3 Modern Interpretations Integrating these stories into contemporary art forms like film, music, and literature keeps them relevant and accessible to a wider audience.