Philosophical Assumptions and Interpretive Frameworks.pptx

Philosophical Assumptions and Interpretive Frameworks

1. MD MAHIN SHAHRIAR DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY MSS 1ST SEMESTER SHAHJALAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SYLHET, BANGLADESH 2023 Philosophical Assumptions and Interpretive Frameworks

2. Distribution Philosophical Assumptions and Interpretive Frameworks Situating Philosophy and Interpretive Frameworks Within the Research Process Why Philosophy Is Important Philosophical Assumptions Types of Philosophical Assumptions Interpretive Frameworks Paradigms Theories Postpositivism Social Constructivism Transformative framework Postmodern Perspective s Feminist theory Critical theory Critical race theory Disability Theory Queer Theory

3. Philosophical Assumptions and Interpretive Frameworks - Philosophy shapes how we formulate our problem - Assumptions are deeply rooted in our training and reinforced by the scholarly community. - Reviewers make philosophical assumptions about a study when they evaluate it. Importance

4. Interpretive Frameworks: Theoretical lenses through which researchers interpret their data and make sense of their findings Can include theoretical perspectives, paradigms, or models · Help researchers understand the meaning and significance of their data

5. Situating Philosophy and Interpretive Frameworks Within the Research Process How do your beliefs guide your actions as a researcher? Identifying Philosophical Assumptions and Interpretive Frameworks In what ways does your research influence the methods used for data collection and analysis? U nderstanding the Research as a Multicultural Subject What perspectives and experiences do you bring to your research? Selecting Research Strategies and Approaches How do philosophical and theoretical frameworks inform your choice of research approaches? Collecting and Analyzing Data Phase 2 Phase 1 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Selecting Research Strategies and Approaches In what ways does your research influence the methods used for data collection and analysis?

6. Why Philosophy Is Important Direction of research goals and outcome Assumptions are deeply rooted in our training and reinforced by the scholarly community Basis of evaluative criteria for research-related decisions.

7. Philosophical Assumptions Philosophical assumptions are abstract ideas and beliefs that guide our research action ( Creswell and Poth, 2016).

8. Ontological Assumption 01 Epistemological Assumption 02 04 Four types of Philosophical Assumptions Axiological Assumption 03 Methodological Assumption

9. Ontological Assumption What is the nature of reality? In qualitative research, the reality is multiple. Researcher embraces the idea of multiple realities.

10. Epistemological Assumption How researcher will know the truth? Researcher attempts to lessen distance between himself or herself and that being researched. Subjective evidence is obtained from participants.

11. Axiological Assumption What is the role of values? Value- laden. In a qualitative study, the researcher reports his/her values and biases as well as the value-laden nature of information gathered from the field.

12. Methodological Assumption What is the process of research? Researcher uses inductive logic. Studies the topic within its context. Uses an emerging design.

13. An interpretive framework provides the theoretical constructs, analytical focus and general forms of research questions that guide the research to read his or her data in a particular way. -Interpretation and Interpretive framework by Johanna Moisander and Anu Valtonen Interpretive Framework

14. Paradigms Interpretive Frameworks Theories or theoretical orientation

15. Postpositivism Social Constructivism Transformative Framework Postmodern Perspective Paradigms

16. Feminist Theories Critical theory Queer theory Disability theories Theories

17. Postpositivism Logical, empirical, cause-and-effect oriented, and deterministic based on a priori theories. Rigorous methods of qualitative data collection and analysis. Ontology- single reality Epistemology- Reality can only be approximated, but it is constructed through research and statistics. Axiology- The researcher’s biases need to be controlled and not expressed in a study. Methodology- Scientific method

18. Social Constructivism Focus on the specific contexts in which people live and work in order to understand the historical and cultural settings of the participants. Ontology-Multiple realities Epistemology-Reality is co-constructed between the researcher and the researched and shaped by individual experiences Axiology-There is respect for indigenous values Methodology-interviewing, observing, and analyzing texts.

19. Transformative framework The basic tenet of this transformative framework is that knowledge is not neutral and it reflects the power and social relationships within society. The purpose of knowledge construction is to aid people to improve society (Mertens, 2003). These individuals include marginalized groups, who faced these issues such as oppression, domination, suppression, alienation, and hegemony. As these issues are studied and exposed, the researchers provide a voice for these participants, raising their consciousness and improving their lives. Researcher may ask participants to help with designing the questions, collecting the data, analyzing it, and shaping the final report of the research.

20. Postmodern Perspectives Postmodernism might be considered a family of theories and perspectives that have something in common (Slife & Williams, 1995) The basic concept is that knowledge claims must be set within the conditions of the world today and in the multiple perspectives of class, race, gender, and other group affiliations. These conditions include the presence of “metanarratives” or universals that hold true regardless of the social conditions.

21. Feminist theory Discrimination and exclusion on the basis of sex and gender. Objectification Structural and economic inequality Power and oppression Gender roles and stereotypes Key areas of focus within feminist theory include:

22. Critical theory Critical and Traditional Theory (Horkheimer) Dialectic of the Enlightenment (Adorno and Horkheimer) Knowledge and Human Interests (Habermas) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (Habermas) One-Dimensional Man (Marcuse) The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (Benjamin) (Ashley Crossman, 2019) Texts associated with the Frankfurt School focused their critique on the centralization of economic, social, and political control that was transpiring around them. Key texts from this period include:

23. Critical race theory Critical race theory, on the other hand, is a framework that examines how race and racism intersect with other forms of oppression, such as class, gender, and sexuality. It emerged in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s as a response to the limitations of traditional civil rights approaches to addressing racial inequality. (Ansell, Amy (2008). "Critical Race Theory". In Schaefer, Richard T. (ed.)

24. Critical theory and Critical race theory Both critical theory and critical race theory share a commitment to social justice and the recognition of power imbalances in society. However, critical race theory specifically focuses on the ways in which race and racism operate in society, while critical theory has a broader scope that includes other forms of oppression.

25. Disability Theory Disability inquiry addresses the meaning of inclusion in schools and compasses administrators, teachers and parents who have children with disabilities(Mertens, 2009,2015). Disability research has moved thorough stages of development, from the medical model of disability to an environmental response to individuals with a disability. Disability interpretive lens focus on disability as a dimension of human difference not as a defect. View in individuals with disabilities as different is reflected in the research process. Such as: - The type of question asked. - The level applied to this individuals. - Consideration of how the data collection will benefit the community. - The appropriateness of communication method. - How the data are reported in a way that is respectful of power relationships .

26. Interpretative Framework Possible Researcher Goals Possible Researcher Influences Example of Researcher Practices Disability theories To address the meaning of inclusion. Recognition of disability as a dimension of human difference and not as a defect. Employs a disability interpretive lens for informing the research process. Disability Theory

27. Queer Theory This theory explores the myriads complexities of the construct, identity and how identities reproduced and performed in social forums. Characterized by variety of methods and strategies relating to individual identity (plumner, 2011a, watson, 2005) Writers use a postmordern or poststructural orientation to critic and deconstruct dominant theories related to identity. Key areas of focus within Queer theory include:

28. All sexual categories ( lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, etc) are opened, fluid and nonfixed. Power is embodied discursively all normalizing strategies are shunted. Academic work may become ironic and often comic and paradoxical. Versions of homosexual subjects positions are increased everywhere. Deviance is abandoned, and interest lies in insider and outsider perspective and transgressions. Plumner provides a concise overview of the Queer theory :

29. Interpretative Framework Possible Researcher Goals Possible Researcher Influences Example of Researcher Practices Queer theory To convey the voices and experiences of individuals who have been suppressed . Understandings of need for thinking about sexual categories as open, fluid, and non-fixed. Engages in inquiry with a focus on exploring the myriad complexities of individual identity Queer Theory

30. The End