Phosphorene :Introduction, Type, Synthesis, Application

all basic info about phosphorene
Phosphorene :Introduction, Type, Synthesis, Application and Properties. This ppt can give you a good surface knowledge about phosphorene.Phosphorene is a two-dimensional material consisting of phosphorus. It consists of a single layer of black phosphorus, the most stable allotrope of phosphorus. Phosphorene is analogous to graphene (single layer graphite)
It has battery application, biomedical application and it can also be used in solar cell.
references of all the content is given in the ppt.

1. Phosphorene )

2. Introduction Phosphorene is a single atomic layer of BP Black Phosphorus is comprised of 2D sheets that are vertically stacked with respect to one another In-plane bonding in BP is due to sp3 hybridization, Due to the sp3 hybridization, phosphorene does not form atomically flat sheets like graphene They form a puckered honeycomb-structured layers. These layers are stacked together by weak van der Waals forces.

3. The electronic band gap of phosphorene has been predicted to be 1.5 eV which is much higher than the 0.3 eV value of bulk BP Structure of phosphorene: (a,b) side views from the zigzag and the armchair direction

4. (c) top view, and (d) zoomed-in local atomic structure of the P-P bonding configuration

5. Liquid-based Exfoliation of BP Dispersion of BP in a preferable solvent followed by sonication The exfoliated nanosheets are collected by the centrifugation (about 30 mins) method At the time of sonication, due to the fluctuations and shear forces, micro-and nano-sized bubbles are produced. The solvent molecules, such as N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), intercalate between the layers of BP and disperse the nanosheets within it. Large-scale exfoliation of phosphorene nanosheets should be anhydrous and free of oxygen because of the chemisorption of O-atoms by P-atoms present on the surface of BP nanosheets

6. Schematic representation showing the exfoliation of BP nanosheets.

7. Mechanical exfoliation (the Scotch tape method) First a single layer BP nanosheet with a thickness of 0.85 nm is created with the help of the scotch tape These nanosheets of BP are then transferred onto a Si/SiO2 substrate Then substrate is washed with acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and methanol in order to remove the scotch tape residue The remaining part is treated thermally at 180℃ until the removal of the solvent residues Finally, the required nanosheets are obtained Disadvantage: Low Yield

8. Atomic force microscopy image of a monolayer phosphorene Scotch Tape

9. Properties Desirable band gap Phosphorene-based thermoelectric devices can reach an energy conversion efficiency of 15-20% Phosphorene can sustain tensile strains up to 27% and 30% in the zigzag and armchair directions, respectively Phosphorene has been predicted to become superconducting with an estimated transition temperature of 3-16 K driven by doping and biaxial strain It is also suggested to be a superior gas sensor due to its adsorption sensitive surface

10. Refrences https://www.nature.com/articles/s41699-017-0007-5#Sec6 https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/ma/d1ma01101d https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1332445#:~:text=Phosphorene%20distinguishes%20itself%20from%20other,1b ).

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