Phylum Porifera - Sycon

The invertebrates, or invertebrates, are animals that do not contain bony structures, such as the cranium and vertebrae. The simplest of all the invertebrates are the Parazoans, which include only the phylum Porifera: the sponges.
Parazoans (“beside animals”) do not display tissue-level organization, although they do have specialized cells that perform specific functions. Sponge larvae are able to swim; however, adults are non-motile and spend their life attached to a substratum.
Since water is vital to sponges for excretion, feeding, and gas exchange, their body structure facilitates the movement of water through the sponge. Structures such as canals, chambers, and cavities enable water to move through the sponge to nearly all body cells.

1. PHYLUM PORIFERA - Sycon Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 1 Presented By- Shryli K S Dpt. Of Molecular Biology 08-10-2017 Guided By- Mrs. Chethana C R Dpt. Of Molecular Biology

2. CONTENTS Introduction Sycon Habitat Structure - Spicules - Canal system Nutrition Reproduction Conclusion References Acknowledgement Fig 01: A preserved sponge. Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 2

3. INTRODUCTION The name porifera means “bearing pores”.   Lowest multicellular animals or metazoans without true tissues, i.e., at “Cellular level” of body organization. Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 3 ROBERT GRANT (1793-1874)

4. Classes of phylum Porifera Fig 02 : Leucosolenia of class Calcarea . Fig 03: Hyalonema of class Hexactinellida . Fig 04: Plakina of class Demospongiae . Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 4

5. SYCON Sycon  is a  genus  of  calcareous sponges  belonging to the family  Sycettidae . These sponges are small, having length from 2.5 to7.5, and are flask-shaped and often white to cream in colour . Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 5

6. Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Porifera Class: Calcaria Order: Heterocoela Family: Sycettidae Genus: Scypa ( Sycon ) Fig 05: Sponge Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 6

7. Examples: Sycon abyssale Sycon ciliatum Sycon defendens Sycon elegans Sycon formosum Sycon globulatum   Sycon lunulatum Sycon mexico Sycon ramsayi Sycon tuba Fig 06: Sycon elegans Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 7

8. HABITAT They are marine . Fig 07: Marine habitat of Sycon Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 8

9. STRUCTURE Fig 08: Structure of Sycon Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 9

10. SPICULES The meshing of many spicules serves as the sponge’s skeleton .It provides structural support and defense against predators. Fig 09: Different types of spicules of Sycon . Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 10

11. CANAL SYSTEM IN SYCON Paragastric cavity or gastral cavity or spongocoel Incurrent Canal Radial canals Prosopyles   Apopyle Excurrent Canal Fig 10: Canal system of Sycon . Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 11

12. NUTRITION *Nutrition is holozoic and digestion is intracellular. *The sponges feed on micro-organisms which enter into the body along with the water current . Fig 11: Food being engulfed by Sycon . Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 12

13. REPRODUCTION Reproduction is both asexual and sexual Asexual- Budding, fragmentation and gemmules . Most sponges are monoecious . Meaning a single sponge can have both male and female sex cells. Sperm cells develop from choanocytes . Egg cells can develop from choanocytes in some species and from archaeocytes in others. After fertilisation an amphiblastula is formed which is a larvea with flagella. Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 13

14. GEMMULES SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 14 Fig 12: Sycon gemmules . Fig 13:

15. CONCLUSION Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 15 Fig 15 :Products of Tarpon Sponge Company, Florida.

16. REFERENCES Sponges ( Porifera ) , Volume 37, Werner E. G. Müller , 2003, 258 pg. Gray’s Anatomy, Peter Gray, general Zoology, Oxford and IHB Publishing Co. Newdelhi , 1970, 564pg. https:// www.thoughtco.com/sponges-profile-2291833 http://www.biozoomer.com/2014/04/sycon-sponge-spicules.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sycon http://www.biologydiscussion.com/invertebrate-zoology/phylum-porifera/an-example-of-phylum-porifera-sycon/32600 http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=sponges&id=435 Phylum Porifera : Sycon - Shryli K S 16

17. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank the Department of Molecular Biology, for providing me this opportunity to present my seminar, I would also like to thank my guide Chethana Ma’am, for her valuable guidance and support through out the preparation of my seminar. Thank you all. Phylum Porifera: Sycon- Shryli K S 17

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