Physical+Science+Chapter+19.1+Notes.pptx

science notes

1. Chapter 19.1 solar system – the sun and all of the planets and other bodies that travel around it planet – a celestial body that orbits the sun, is round because of its own gravity, and has cleared the neighborhood around its orbital path satellite – natural or artificial body that revolves around a celestial body that is greater in mass 8 planets orbit the sun 290 known satellites in the solar system gravity keeps the planets orbiting the sun and moons orbiting planets

2. Chapter 19.1 94% hydrogen, 5.9% helium 93 million miles from Earth Takes 8 minutes for radiation to reach Earth About 330,000 times the mass of Earth Largest amount solar radiation is in the middle of the visible spectrum This is why humans see green best and why the sun appears yellow

3. Chapter 19.1 Core has a temperature of 15,000,000 K, where fusion takes place Energy then takes 10,000 – 170,000 years to reach the surface Sunspots – cooler than the surrounding area due to very strong magnetic fields, appear black on the surface Sunspots can cause solar flares and coronal mass ejections, both are massive eruptions of energy Solar flares and coronal mass ejections can disrupt electronics and electricity

4. Chapter 19.1 the Moon or Luna orbits the Earth at a distance of 384,000 km the Moon orbits the Earth once every 29.5 days tidally locked with Earth, so we always see the same side of the Moon surface of the Moon is covered in craters the dark spots on the Moon are called maria they are where lava flowed out onto the Moon’s surface after an asteroid impact

5. Chapter 19.1 causes tides on Earth by pulling on the water closest to it bulging it out, a high tide far side of the Earth feels the least gravity from the Moon so also has a high tide created when a Mars sized object collided with the Earth at an angle the ejected material from both objects coalesced to form the Moon called the Giant-Impact Hypothesis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRlhlCWplqk 12 men have walked on the Moon (Apollo 11, 12, 14 – 17)

6. Chapter 19.1 comet - small body of ice, rock, and dust that follows an elliptical orbit as it passes close to the sun it gives off gas and dust to form a tail 3,979 known comets meteoroid – small chunk of rock in space usually stone-like, like Earth’s crust, or iron, or a combination of the two 10,000 tons of meteoroids hit Earth every year

7. Chapter 19.1 if they enter Earth’s atmosphere they are called meteors if they survive entry and land on Earth they are called meteorites asteroid – much larger meteoroid 1,420,483 asteroids found so far most located between Mars and Jupiter