Physical Science - Concept of Atomic Number Led to the Synthesis of New Elements in the Laboratory.pptx

Physical Science - Concept of Atomic Number Led to the Synthesis of New Elements in the Laboratory.pptx

1. PHYSICAL SCIENCE concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in the laboratory

2. objectives At the end of this presentation, you are expected to: Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in the laboratory. (S11/12PS-IIIb-11) identify the different elements formed after the process of synthesis ; realize the importance of the atomic number in identifying the new elements identity in the periodic table.

3. PARTS DISPLAYED ON THE ELEMENT FROM THE PERIODIC TABLE 01

4. Atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. Element is a species of atoms which all have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei. Atomic mass is the quantity of matter contained in an atom of an element. The name of an element is shortened through a symbol .

5. ACTIVITY: emblem- ments Change the elements of the periodic table to its corresponding symbols to make them into a new word in the sentence.

6. trial Where there is love, there is Lithium Iron . -Mahatma Gandhi Where there is love, there is LiFe . -Mahatma Gandhi

7. Wala nang iba pa, ikaw lamang ang L O V E ko! #1 Wala nang iba pa, ikaw lamang ang Lithium Oxygen Vanadium Europium ko!

8. I LuV U! #2 Iodine Lutetium Vanadium Uranium!

9. Wala talagang F O Re V Er ! #3 Wala talagang Flourine Oxygen Rhenium Vanadium Erbium !

10. It’s F I Ne to be hurt rather than be in a fake love. #4 It’s Flourine Iodine Neon to be hurt rather than be in a fake love.

11. B Ru H , mahal na mahal kita ! #5 Boron Ruthenium Hydrogen , mahal na mahal kita !

12. I am a ( C O F Fe Es-s/C O F Fe E ) lover. #6 I am a Carbon Oxygen Flourine Iron Einsteinium minus Sulfur lover.

13. #7 Barium Boron Ytrium , will you be mine? Ba B Y , will you be mine?

14. HISTORY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE 02

15. The modern periodic table arranges the elements by their atomic numbers and periodic properties.

16. In 1669 , German merchant and amateur alchemist Hennig Brand attempted to create a Philosopher’s Stone , an object that supposedly could turn metals into pure gold. In 1809, at least 47 elements were discovered , and scientists began to see patterns in the characteristics.

17. In 1869 , Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev created the first framework that became the modern periodic table, leaving gaps that were yet discovered. Dmitri Mendeleev

18. In 1919, Ernest Rutherford carried out a reaction in which one element was transformed into another element. In the reaction, alpha particles were bombarded from radium directed to the nitrogen nuclei . He showed that the nitrogen nuclei reacted to the alpha particles formed some oxygen nuclei . This reaction is called nuclear transmutation. NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION Ernest Rutherford

19. MOSELEY’S X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY Henry Gyn-Jeffreys Moseley Henry Gyn-Jeffreys Moseley was an English physicist who concluded that most of the properties of an element can be determined on its atomic number (number of protons in an atom). He studied radioactivity in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory but later decided to explore more on X-rays.

20. MOSELEY’S X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY Henry Gyn-Jeffreys Moseley As he continued his study, he measured the x-ray spectral lines of an element as he bombarded a beam of electrons to different elements to determine its atomic number. He then believed that frequency of the X-rays given off by an element was mathematically related to the position of that element in the Periodic table. With this study, he was able to published a paper on the arrangement of the elements in the Periodic table based on their atomic numbers .

21. Elements were then arranged according to their atomic numbers but there were four gaps in the table (atomic numbers 43 , 61 , 85 , and 87 ) in 1925 . 43 61 85 87

22. Particle accelerator is a device used to synthesize new elements using magnetic and electrical fields. 43 61 85 87 USING PARTICLE ACCELERATOR

23. Particle accelerator is a device used to synthesize new elements using magnetic and electrical fields. 43 61 85 87 USING PARTICLE ACCELERATOR Technetium (Tc) In 1937, Ernest Lawrence bombarded molybdenum (z=42) with fast-moving neutrons in a linear accelerator and he was able to create element with atomic number 43 which was named as Technetium . It was the first artificially created element and the lightest element that has no stable isotope.

24. 43 61 85 87 USING PARTICLE ACCELERATOR Promethium (Pm) Promethium (element 61) was recovered from the leftovers of uranium fission.

25. 43 61 85 87 USING PARTICLE ACCELERATOR Astatine (At) Astatine (element with atomic number 85) was first produced in 1940 by Dale Corson, K. Mackenzie and Emilio Segre . It was synthesized by bombarding bismuth with fast-moving alpha particles in a cyclotron. The scientists found that the isotope they created was radioactive, so they named the element using the Greek ‘ astatos ’ meaning unstable.

26. 43 61 85 87 USING PARTICLE ACCELERATOR Francium (Fr) Francium (element 87) was discovered as a breakdown product of uranium.

27. Neptunium was first produced by Edwin McMillan and Philip Abelson in 1940 . They used particle accelerator to bombard uranium with neutrons and they were able to show chemically that they had produced neptunium, which has a half-life of just 2.3 days. Synthesis of New Elements

28. Seaborg, Edwin McMillan, Joseph Kennedy, and Arthur Wahl was able to create the element 94 which is the Plutonium by deuteron (particles composed of a proton and a neutron) bombardment of uranium in a cyclotron . Synthesis of New Elements

29. TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS Transuranium elements are element with atomic numbers greater than 92.