Physical Science SHS 3.1 The Classical Elements.pptx

Physical Science

1. Lesson 3.1 The Classical Elements

2. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the elements; and describe the contributions of the alchemists to the science of chemistry. 1 At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 2

3. What are Things Made Of?

4. Chemistry studies matter and its composition Matter is composed of smaller materials Philosophers tried to explain the small units of matter What Are Things Made Of?

5. Used critical thinking Explained the origin of things Gave reasons for several phenomena Created foundations of knowledge that we have now Greek Philosophers

6. Thales WATER Anaximenes AIR Xenophanes EARTH Heraclitus FIRE Empedocles EARTH, AIR, WATER and FIRE Greek Philosophers

7. These two philosophers started atomism. Matter is made up of atomos and space (void). Democritus (460 BC–370 BC) Leucippus (5th century BCE)

8. The Prevailing Ideas During That Time: “Nature Elements” by Empedocles, Plato, and Aristotle Plato and his student Aristotle were believed by the people during those times. Their ideas prevailed for a long time.

9. Platonic Solids Plato founded the Academy in Athens and he used the term “element.” He treated the elements: air, water, fire and earth, as geometric solids.

10. Aristotelian Elements Each element is a balance between two qualities. He added a fifth element - aether. The fifth element is the finest of all substances known as quintessence.

11. The word alchemy can also be traced to the Arab word al-khemia which means ‘The Black Land.” Alchemy is considered more of a protoscience. It is not based on facts and experiments. It had been riddled with superstitions, mythology and mysticism. Alchemy

12. Philosopher’s stone - turns other metals to gold Elixir of life - gives eternal life Panacea - a cure for all diseases Alchemy wants to find:

13. Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan - sulfur and mercury are elements Paracelsus - tria prima for good health Robert Boyle - author of Skeptical Chymist and proposed Boyle’s Law Here are some notable Alchemists:

14. Atomism was one of the theories the ancient Greek natural philosophers devised to explain the universe. 1 Alchemy is a philosophy practiced throughout Egypt and Eurasia which aimed to purify and perfect materials through transmutation. Alchemy contributed to the vast uses of chemicals such as inks, paints, and cosmetics. 2 3

15. Identify what or who is being asked in the following statements. He is the Greek philosopher who proposed that everything is made up of primordial substances such as fire, water, earth and wind. It is a philosophy practiced throughout Egypt and Eurasia which aimed to purify and perfect materials through transmutation. He is a Persian alchemist who suggested that elements, mercury and sulfur should be added in the four classical elements.

16. If cataclysmic event were to destroy all knowledge of science what would be the most important knowledge to pass on to future generations?

17. Chang, Raymond. 1997. Chemistry. New York: McGraw-Hill. Charley, S. “How to Make an Element.” Accessed January 5, 2017, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ nova/physics/make-an-element.html. McQuarrie, D.A., and Rock, P.A. 1991. General Chemistry. 3rd ed. New York: W.H. Freeman. Watson, G.W. “A Brief History of Element Discovery, Synthesis, and Analysis.” Open Knowledge Project. Accessed January 5, 2017, http://in.okfn.org/files/2013/07/A-BriefHistory-of-Element-DiscoverySynthesis-and-Analysis.pdf. 2011. Encyclopedia of Trivia. Accessed July 17, 2018. https://encyclopaediaoftrivia.blogspot.com/2011/08/aristotle.html. Feder, Michelle. 2018. Khan Academy. Accessed July 17, 2018. https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/big-history-project/stars-and-elements/other-material3/a/from-alchemy-to-chemistry.

18. Schelenz, Robin. 2018. University of California. April 10. Accessed July 17, 2018. https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/longform/how-ernest-o-lawrences-aha-moment-led-nuclear-physics. n.d. WAYNE RESA. Accessed July 17, 2018. http://www.resa.net/curriculum/curriculum/science/curriculum/chemistry/unitdoc/unit1/. 2018. Core Concepts: Periodic Table. Accessed July 18, 2018. http://periodictable.rosendigital.com/staticfiles/reproducibles/Introducing_Lesson.pdf. 2018. "Center for Nuclear Science and Technology Information." nuclearconnect.org. Accessed July 20, 2018. Center For Nuclear Science and Technology Information. (2018). Retrieved from nuclearconnect.org: http://www.nuclearconnect.org/in-the-classroom/for-teachers/classroom-activities . Gill, N.S. 2017. ThoughtCo. March 08. Accessed August 09, 2018. https://www.thoughtco.com/philosophy-of-atomism-120427.