Physico-Chemical characteristic of fresh water.pptx

Freshwater

1. Physco -Chemical characteristic of fresh water Sandip Rathod

2. Water? Chemical Compound (H 2 O) Liquid Gas Solid Freezing Melting Condensation Evaporation Deposition Sublimation All life on earth depends on water. Water is not only essential to life but it is predominant inorganic constituent of living matter forming in general The Sources of water such as atmospheric water (rain water), surface water, store water, ground water Water states Sandip Rathod

3. Physical properties of water Color Sandip Rathod

4. 2. Odor and teste Sandip Rathod

5. 3. Temperature Sandip Rathod

6. 4. Transparency Sandip Rathod

7. 5. Turbidity Sandip Rathod

8. Chemical properties of water pH Electrical conductivity (EC) Total dissolve solid (TDS) Dissolve oxygen (DO) Free carbon dioxide (co2) Alkanity Hardness of water Chlorides Sulphates Hydrogen sulphates(H2o) calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium and Iron Sandip Rathod

9. 1. pH pH is scale of intensity of acid or alkanlity and measure the concentration of ion in water. If the free H + ion more than OH - , the water will be acidic. pH of natural water varies around 7. Generally over 7 i.e. alkaline due to the presence of sufficient quantities of carbonate It increase during day time largely due to photosynthesis where as decrease at night due to the respiratory activity. Factors like temperature, disposal of waste from industries etc. Sandip Rathod

10. Electrical conductivity: Pure water is poor conductor of electricity, acid, base and salt makes it relatively good conductor of electricity. Such substance are called as electrolytes Those with poor solubility in water are called weak electrolyte and those with high solubility known as strong electrolyte. In other words electrolyte in a solution dissociated into + ve (cation)and – ve (anion) Ions and impart conductivity. Thus higher the concentration of electrolytes in water the more is its electrical conductance. Sandip Rathod

11. 3. Total Dissolve solutes (TDS) A large number of salt are found dissolved in water such as carbonates, bicarbonates, chloride, sulphate, phosphates, nitrates, calcium, magnesium, sodium potassium. A high content dissolve solute elevates the density of water, influence osmoregulation of fresh water organism as well as the marine water organism. Sandip Rathod

12. 4. Dissolve oxygen: (o2) Dissolve oxygen is one of the most important chemical property which has a great influence on the survival and growth of organism. There are two main sources of dissolve oxygen in water means diffuse air and photosynthetic activity within water. During day time reaches a maximum at 3 pm then gradually decrease up to early morning During night time it decrease due to lack of photosynthesis. The photosynthesis is a biological activity carried by autotrophs and depends upon the autotrophic population, light condition and availability of gases etc. Sandip Rathod

13. 5. Free co 2 Carbon dioxide is production during respiration and consumed during photosynthesis co2 is less during day time and more at night. The respiratory activity of aquatic organism and the process of decomposition is the important sources of carbon dioxide in bodies of surface water. Free carbon dioxide combines with water partly to form carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ) as such in normal practice free co2 is distinguished as co2 and carbonic acid CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid) Water containing free co2 react to limestone calcium carbonate free Carbon dioxide dissolve in water is thus, the only source of carbon that be used in photosynthesis activity of aquatic autotrophs. Sandip Rathod

14. 6. Alkalinity: Alkalinity is caused by carbonates, bicarbonates or hydroxides of calcium, mg, na , K and iron. Alkalinity of Water in its capacity to neutralize a strong acid and is characterized the presence of hydroxyl ions. Thus, alkalinity may be expressed as total alkalinity due to individual bases. The optimum level of total alkalinity is 40-150 ppm. It has direct effect on the production of plankton. Sandip Rathod

15. 7. Hardness of water The total hardness of water is the sum of concentration of alkaline earth metal cations present in it. Calcium and magnesium are principal substances imparting (causing) hardness water with less than 40 ppm is hard Hardness when caused because of bicarbonates and carbonates of the cations is called temporary hardness and can be removed by boiling the water. Therefor hardness of water prevents bathing and washing in to water Hard water is not suitable for cooking too because high boiling point. Sandip Rathod

16. 8. Chlorides In land natural water (fresh Water) have low chlorides concentration while saline water of coastal estuaries and sea having very high chloride content. In natural fresh h2o, high concentration of chloride is considered to be and indication of pollution due to organic waste of animal origin. Salinity is an important parameter for survival, growth and high production is cultural system. Chloride contents about 250 mg/lit. makes a water salty in taste but a level up to 1000 mg/lit is safe for human consumption. Sandip Rathod

17. 9. Sulphates: Sulphates are found in appreciable quantity in all natural waters. Domestic sewage and industrial effluents many add to sulphates continent of water. 10. Hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) H2s is produce in anaerobic condition by the action of micro-organism on sulphur compounds. H 2 S is toxic to organism. It should be less than 0.05 ppm For Aquatic Biota. In pond water H 2 S is responsible for respiratory problem. When it is increase always lime should be added. Sandip Rathod

18. 12. Calcium: Calcium is found in great abundance in all natural water and its source lies in the rocks. Calcium is an important micro nutrients in an aquatic environment. It is needed in large quantities by the Mollusca and vertebrate. 13. Magnesium: Magnesium is the necessary constituent for chlorophyll production and its useful for aquatic plant 14. Sodium: In saline and brackish water the concentration of sodium is remarkly high and limits the biological diversity due to osmotic trace. salt are highly soluble in water and causing softness to Water Sandip Rathod

19. 15. Potassium: Presence of potassium plays the vital role in the metabolism of freshwater environment and considered to be an important macronutrients. 16. Iron: iron is found in all natural water oxidized (ferric) and reduced (ferrous) forms. It is an important plant nutrients consider to be quantitively the most important trace metal for autotrophs. Sandip Rathod

20. Biological properties of water Macrophyte: Phytoplankton: Zooplankton: Saprophytes (Disease causing Agent): Sandip Rathod

21. 1.Macrophytes : Sandip Rathod

22. 2. Phytoplankton : 3. Zooplankton: 4. Saprophytes: Sandip Rathod

23. Thank you…..